Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

1
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) consists of
  mouth-to-mouth respiration and chest compression.
  CPR allows oxygenated blood to circulate to vital
  organs such as the brain and heart. CPR can keep
  a person alive until more advanced procedures
  (such as defibrillation - an electric shock to
  the chest) can treat the cardiac arrest. CPR
  started by a bystander doubles the likelihood of
  survival for victims of cardiac arrest.

2
Facts about CPR

• Facts about CPR
• Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of
  death in adults. Most arrests occur in persons
  with underlying heart disease.
• CPR doubles a person's chance of survival from
  sudden cardiac arrest
• 75 of all cardiac arrests happen in people's
  homes.

3
Facts about CPR

• Cardiac arrest occurs twice as frequently in men
  compared to women.
• In sudden cardiac arrest the heart goes from a
  normal heartbeat to a quivering rhythm called
  ventricular fibrillation (VF). This happens in
  approximately 2/3rds of all cardiac arrests. VF
  is fatal unless an electric shock, called
  defibrillation, can be given. CPR does not stop
  VF but CPR extends the window of time in which
  defibrillation can be effective.

4
Facts about CPR

• CPR provides a trickle of oxygenated blood to the
  brain and heart and keeps these organs alive
  until defibrillation can shock the heart into a
  normal rhythm.
• If CPR is started within 4 minutes of collapse
  and defibrillation provided within 10 minutes a
  person has a 40 chance of survival.

5
Infant CPR

• Less than 1 year

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Infant CPR

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Infant CPR

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Infant CPR

• 3. Give 2 Gentle Breaths
• If the baby is NOT breathing give 2 small gentle
  breaths. Cover the baby's mouth and nose with
  your mouth. Each breath should be 1 second long.
  You should see the baby's chest rise with each
  breath.

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Infant CPR

• 4. Give 30 Compressions Give 30 gentle chest
  compressions at the rate of 100 per minute. Use
  two or three fingers in the center of the chest
  just below the nipples. Press down approximately
  one-third the depth of the chest.

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Infant CPR

• 5. Repeat Repeat with 2 breath and 30
  compressions. After two minutes of repeated
  cycles call 911 and continue giving breaths and
  compressions

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Infant CPR

• Watch the video and than break into groups of two
  and practice for 15 minutes.
• Movie will continue to play until you click on it
  again and then hit Esc to go back to the
  presentation.

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Child CPR 1-8 years

• CPR for children is similar to CPR for adults.
  The compression to ventilation ratio is 302.
  There are, however, 3 differences.
• 1) If you are alone with the child give two
  minutes of CPR before calling 911
• 2) Use the heel of one hand as for adults for
  chest compressions
• 3) Press the sternum approximately one-third the
  depth of the chest

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Child CPR

• 1. CALL Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If
  there is no response, Call 911 and return to the
  victim. In most locations the emergency
  dispatcher can assist you with CPR instructions

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Child CPR

• 2. BLOW Tilt the head back and listen for
  breathing.  If not breathing normally, pinch nose
  and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you
  see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths.  Each breath
  should take 1 second.

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Child CPR

• 3. PUMP
• If the victim is still not breathing normally,
  coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. 
  Push down on the chest 11/2 to 2 inches 30 times
  right between the nipples.  Pump at the rate of
  100/minute, faster than once per second.
•  

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Child CPR

• Pushing on the Chest
• In general the chest should be pushed down 11/2-2
  inches. Sometimes you may hear a cracking sound.
  Do not be alarmed. The sound is caused by
  cartilage or ribs cracking. Even if this occurs
  the damage is not serious. The risk of delaying
  CPR or not doing CPR is far greater than the risk
  of a broken rib.

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Child CPR

• CONTINUE WITH 2 BREATHS AND 30 PUMPS UNTIL HELP
  ARRIVES NOTE This ratio is the same for
  one-person two-person CPR.  In two-person CPR
  the person pumping the chest stops while the
  other gives mouth-to-mouth breathing.

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Child CPR

• Review this information from the first slide
• CPR for children is similar to CPR for adults.
  The compression to ventilation ratio is 302.
  There are, however, 3 differences.
• 1) If you are alone with the child give two
  minutes of CPR before calling 911
• 2) Use the heel of one hand as for adults for
  chest compressions
• 3) Press the sternum approximately one-third the
  depth of the chest

19
Child CPR

• Watch the video and than break into groups of two
  and practice for 15 minutes.
• Movie will continue to play until you click on it
  again and then hit Esc to go back to the
  presentation.

20
Adult CPR

• 1. CALL Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If
  there is no response, Call 911 and return to the
  victim. In most locations the emergency
  dispatcher can assist you with CPR instructions

21
Adult CPR

• 2. BLOW Tilt the head back and listen for
  breathing.  If not breathing normally, pinch nose
  and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you
  see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths.  Each breath
  should take 1 second.

22
Adult CPR

• 3. PUMP
• If the victim is still not breathing normally,
  coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. 
  Push down on the chest 11/2 to 2 inches 30 times
  right between the nipples.  Pump at the rate of
  100/minute, faster than once per second.
•  

23
Adult CPR

• Pushing on the Chest
• In general the chest should be pushed down 11/2-2
  inches. Sometimes you may hear a cracking sound.
  Do not be alarmed. The sound is caused by
  cartilage or ribs cracking. Even if this occurs
  the damage is not serious. The risk of delaying
  CPR or not doing CPR is far greater than the risk
  of a broken rib.

24
Adult CPR

• CONTINUE WITH 2 BREATHS AND 30 PUMPS UNTIL HELP
  ARRIVES NOTE This ratio is the same for
  one-person two-person CPR.  In two-person CPR
  the person pumping the chest stops while the
  other gives mouth-to-mouth breathing.

25
Adult CPR

• Watch the video and than break into groups of two
  and practice for 15 minutes.
• Movie will continue to play until you click on it
  again and then hit Esc to go back to the
  presentation.

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Complications of CPR

• Vomiting is the most frequently encountered
  complication of CPR. If the victim starts to
  vomit, turn the head to the side and try to sweep
  out or wipe off the vomit. Continue with CPR.
• The spread of infection from the victim to the
  rescuer is exceedingly rare. Most cardiac arrests
  occur in people's homes - relatives or friends
  will be the ones needing to do CPR. Even CPR
  performed on strangers has an exceedingly rare
  risk of infection. There is NO documentation of
  HIV or AIDS ever being transmitted via CPR.

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Checking The Pulse

• The pulse check is no longer taught or expected
  of laypersons. Instead, if there is no response
  after two mouth-to-mouth breaths, begin to pump
  on the chest. Please note that the pulse check is
  still expected of health care providers.

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Conscious Adult Choking

• Step 1.Determine if the person can speak or
  cough.If not, proceed to the next step.

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Conscious Adult Choking

• Step 2.Perform an abdominal thrust (Heimlich
  Maneuver) repeatedly until the foreign body is
  expelled

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Conscious Adult Choking

• Step 3.A chest thrust may be used for markedly
  obese persons or in late stages of pregnancy.

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Conscious Adult Choking

• If the adult or child becomes unresponsive
  perform CPR.if you see an object in the throat
  or mouth, remove it.

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Choking Conscious Child - (1-8 years old)

• Step 1.Determine if the person can speak or
  cough.If not, proceed to the next step.

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Choking Conscious Child - (1-8 years old)

• Step 2.Perform an abdominal thrust (Heimlich
  Maneuver) repeatedly until the foreign body is
  expelled.

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Choking Conscious Child - (1-8 years old)

• Step 3.A chest thrust may be used for markedly
  obese persons or in late stages of pregnancy.

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Choking Conscious Child - (1-8 years old)

• If the adult or child becomes unresponsive
  perform CPR.if you see an object in the throat
  or mouth, remove it.

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Choking Conscious Infant (lt1 years old)

• Step 1 Determine if the infant can cry or cough.
  If not, proceed to next step

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Choking Conscious Infant (lt1 years old)

• Step 2 Give 5 back blows.

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Choking Conscious Infant (lt1 years old)

• Step 3 Give 5 chest thrusts.

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Choking Conscious Infant (lt1 years old)

• Step 4 Repeat steps 2 3 above until effective
  or the infant becomes unconscious. If the infant
  becomes unresponsive, perform CPR- if you see an
  object in the throat or mouth, remove it.

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Choking Conscious Infant (lt1 years old)
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CPR Quiz

• Click on the link below and take the quiz as a
  class
• http//depts.washington.edu/learncpr/userquiz.html