6'3 Organic Compounds

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6.3 Organic Compounds

• This lecture accompanies reading pages 161 to 167
• Covers CA standard 1c

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• Organic compounds all contain Carbon (C),
  hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

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• Carbon forms
• Single bonds
• Double bonds
• Triple bonds

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• With Carbon atoms, we can
• Form chains, branched chains, rings
• Include other elements
• Include lots of carbon atoms, or just a few
• MANY, MANY, MANY POSSIBILITIES

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• Same formula, different structure isomer
• Example glucose and fructose.

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• Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
  are macromolecules, made of smaller, repeating
  subunits

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Carbohydrates

• Made of C, H and O roughly 2 H for every C and
  O.
• Simplest carbohydrate is a simple sugar one
  molecule called a monosaccharide (yes, this is
  really how its spelled)
• Disaccharide-2 sugars
• Polysaccharides- many sugars

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Lipids- a.k.a FATS

• Still C, H and O- but different proportions more
  C-H, less O.
• Good for energy storage, insulation, and a major
  component of cellular membranes
• Common structure- glycerol head with 3 fatty
  acid tails

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Proteins

• Still C, H and O, but add nitrogen and usually
  sulfur
• Proteins essential to life build tissues, and
  help carry out cell metabolism
• Proteins come in many, many shapes and sizes-
  incredibly varied

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• Proteins- made of Amino Acids strung together
• Bond between amino acids is peptide bond.

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• Proteins
• FORM MUSCLES
• TRANSPORT OXYGEN
• CARRY OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• Enzymes are a type of protein.
• ENZYMES CARRY OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

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• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
• Use an active site.
• Enzymes are everywhere!

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• Next Class.. how macromolecular bonds are
  formed and nucleic acids
• Homework reading guide 6.3- can use for quiz on
  Tues