Title: FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
1FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
- Wilna Jansen v Rijssen
- Food Control
- Department of Health
- Vrijsw_at_health.gov.za
2FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
- Department of Health
- www.gov.za/department/health
- Cluster Pharmaceutical Policy and Planning
- Food Control
3LEGISLATION
- Genetically Modified Organisms Act, 1997 (Act 15
of 1997) - Genetically modified organisms
4GMO ACT
- Department of Agriculture
- Executive Council for GMOs
- DoA, DACST, DEAT, DoH, Do, DTI
- Advisory Committee - experts
5FOOD FROM GMO
- GMO maize kernels
- Not a GMO but obtained from GMO and containing
GM-material maize meal - Not a GMO but obtained from GMO and not
containing GMO material glucose
6LEGISLATION
- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
- Food industry
- (processed foods)
- Consumers
7LEGISLATION
- Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972
(Act 54 of 1972) - Food safety
8FCD ACT
- Department of Health
- Directorate Food Control
- Group GMO food
- 4 professionals
- 5 Masters degrees (Biotechnology/Microbiolog
y/ - Plantbiochemistry/Toxicology and Nutrition)
9FCD ACT
- Group GMO food
- Confidentiality clearance
- Ethical Boards
- Pharmacy Council
- SA Council for Natural Scientific Professions
-
10FCD ACT
- Roles, Functions and responsibilities of Group
GMO food - GMO - Food Safety
- GMO Food Labelling
- GMO Food Communicate
-
11FCD ACT/GMO ACT
- FOOD SAFETY
- Roles, Functions and responsibilities of Group
GMO food - Verify compliance of applications with SA
legislation and policies, international standards
and guidelines - Risk assessments
- Write reports
- Advise the Director Food Control
-
12FCD ACT / GMO ACT
Dept of Health Director Food Control
Dept of Agriculture Exec Council for GMOs
13FOOD SAFETY
- Authorities
- Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO)
- Organization for Economic and Social Development
( OECD ) 22 countries - International Life Sciences (ILSI)
- Others
-
14FOOD SAFETY
- Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO)
- International Food Safety Standards and
Guidelines based on science - Facilitate trade
- World Trade Organization
-
-
15CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
- General Principles for the Risk Analysis of Foods
derived from Modern Biotechnology - Guidelines for the conduct of safety assessment
of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants - Micro-0rganisms (in preparation)
- ( fish)
16FOOD SAFETY
- FCD Act
- Policy Guidelines for toxicological assessments
- OECD Guidelines for tests
- Chemicals (pesticides)
- Microbial pest control agents
- Botanical pest control agents (prep)
- GMO-foods based on CODEX (new)
- website
17CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
- RISK ANALYSIS
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Management
- Risk Communication
18CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
19GMO SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT
- Case by case
- Expressed substances (non-nucleic acid
substances) - Compositional analysis of key components
- Evaluation of metabolites
- Food processing
- Nutritional modification
- others
20GMO RISK MANAGEMENT
- Legislation
- Policies
- Executive Council for GMO
- Implementation
-
21GMO RISK MANAGEMENT
- Policies - DOH
- Codex Alimentarius standards and guidelines
- Departmental Guidelines for chemicals/pesticides
- Full assessments of GMO and products
- Full assessment of GMOs for food and for feed
- Antibiotic resistant genes phased out
-
-
22CODEX QA
- What overarching scientific principles should be
applied to the safety and nutritional assessment? -
23CODEX QA
- Substantial equivalence?
- Concept not a method
- Well established component of Risk Assessment
- No alternative strategies to provide a better
assurance.
24CODEX QA
- Long-term effects?
- Pre-marketing safety assessment and methodology
used are adequate to detect and evaluate any
possible long-term effects.
25CODEX QA
- Potential allergenicity?
- Assessment of potential allergenicity to be
conducted in all cases
26CODEX QA
- Risks arising from the use of antibiotic
resistance marker genes in plants and micro-org? - Subject to standard safety assessment as for any
other introduced gene product
27ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
- Gene transfer from plants and their food products
to gut organisms or human cells only a rare
possibility - Alternative transformation technologies encouraged
28FAO DIRECTOR-GENERAL Dr Jacques Diouf, Manilla,
7 December 1999
- We have no problem with GMOs as long as they are
proven to be safe to human beings and have no
negative impact on the environment
29EUROPEAN UNION9 OCTOBER 2001
- 81 research projects financed by the EU over the
last 15 years, at a cost of 64 million on GM
crops and products made from. Research has not
found any new risks to human health or the
environment beyond the usual uncertainties of
conventional plant breeding
30EUROPEAN UNION9 OCTOBER 2001
- Research has not found any new risks to human
health or the environment beyond the usual
uncertainties of conventional plant breeding - Indeed, the use of more precise technology and
greater regulatory scrutiny probably make them
even safer than conventional plants and food
31COMMUNICATIONFCD ACT
- LABELLING REGULATIONS
- A label not a warning but only a method to convey
information and to provide a choice.
32CONSULTATIONS Total 35
- Port Folio 3
- Interviews radio, TV, journals, telephone,
others - Conferences 4
- Groups 9
- Workshop1 (71 representatives)
- Workshops2 3 4
- (food industry)
- Workshop comments
33CONSULTATIONS
- FOOD LEGISLATION ADVISORY GROUP
- 5 MEETING
- FLAG sub committee
34CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
- Framework
- Codex Definitions
35DRAFT LABELLING REGULATIONS
- Mandate from the Minister
36DRAFT LABELLING REGULATIONS
- Mandatory nutritional and natural toxin changes
/ allergens / genes from animals or humans - Voluntary Improved / enhanced characteristics
- Voluntary Non-genetically modified
37FOOD FROM GMO
- GMO maize kernels
- Not a GMO but obtained from GMO and containing
GM-genetic material maize meal - Not a GMO but obtained from GMO and not
containing GMO material glucose
38CODEX ALIMENTARIUSLABELLING
- PRINCIPLES
- No food should be described or presented in a
manner that is false, misleading or deceptive or
is likely to create an erroneous impression
regarding its character in any respect. - Must substantiate a claim
39CODEX ALIMENTARIUSLABELLING
- PROHIBITED CLAIMS
- are e.g. those that
- cannot be substantiated
- could give rise to doubt about the safety, or
- exploit fear in the consumer.
40SA Labelling Regulation
- MISLEADING
- Analytical Methods are NOT RELIABLE
- Few Methods validated
- No statistically acceptable sampling methods
- Paper trailing not reliable
41LABELLING
- COST
- Verification expensive
- 30 000 products of soybeans and maize only
- Increase in price with 8 to 18 (Australia)
42SA LABELLING Regulation
- CHOICE
- PRICE
- Small percentage consumers read the detail on
labels - Choice could decrease with increasing production
/manufacturing of GM-food
43SA LABELLING Regulation
- NON GM Food
- Identity preservation system
- (Segregation)
- Export channel
44SA LABELLING Regulation
- Recommendations
- SABS Code of Practice IPS
- Guidelines