Maritime transport of passengers

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Maritime transport of passengers

• C. Ferrari

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Historical overview
Transoceanic passengers flow in the first half of
20th century
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Maritime passenger transport
Ferry
Cruise

• Derived demand
• Fixed routes
• Ro/ro ships
• Search for speed

• Final good
• Variable routes
• Specialized ships
• Search for comfort

Cruise Ferry
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The world fleet
Source Lloyds Register, 2001
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The fleet
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Passengers ferries

• Great variability of capital costs (related to
  speed, capacity, etc.)
• Low operational costs (port costs, crew costs)
• Use of time charters
• The service is homogenous
• Mainly used to link islands with mainland
• Mainly used by commuters and/or by frequently
  users
• Demand is proportional to the population of the
  regions that limit the voyage or to the
  attractive power of a region
• The service is sold at a low price
• The service links only two or three ports

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Cruises

• Huge amount of capital costs per ship
• High operational costs (crew represents about 1/3
  of passengers)
• Great differentiation of service (in classes,
  type of cabins, days per trip, etc.)
• The service is seldom considered a luxury good
• The service scheduled considers one home port and
  some ports of call
• The ports of call do not affect the size of demand

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Cruise ferries

• Sort of hybrid service introduced in the Med in
  the 90s by GNV
• Ferries (ro/ro passengers ships) with a high
  standard of services
• Short routes mainly offered when there is an
  excess of capacity on ferries
• Ratio of member of crew per passenger is higher
  than ferries and lower than cruises

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Passengers market
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Ferries vs. Cruises in ports
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Cruise passengers in Genoa
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Seasonality and trends