Crime Prevention Planning

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Crime Prevention Planning Implementation
Weeks 9 and 10
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• Today/Next Week
• Essential steps in the crime prevention process
• Planning a crime prevention project
• Drafting a crime prevention plan 
• Implementing a crime prevention project
• Evaluating a crime prevention project
• Final two assignments
• Research proposal
• Crime Prevention plan
•  

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Major Phases in Crime Prevention Projects

• PLANNING
• PHASE ONE Identify and describe your community
  and its crime/disorder problems (Research!)
• PHASE TWO Develop a crime prevention (action)
  plan (Analysis!)
• IMPLEMENTATION
• PHASE THREE Carry out the crime prevention plan
• EVALUATION
• PHASE FOUR Monitor evaluate the plan

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Crime Prevention Planning

• Research
• What must I do to identify, describe, and analyze
  the crime and disorder problems of the community
  I am studying?
• Crime Prevention Plan
• What must I do to address the crime and disorder
  problems of the community?

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Crime Prevention Planning

• Strategic planning (verb) An applied,
  action-oriented process that lays the foundation
  to guide the implementation of a project
• Strategic plan (noun) - A report (blueprint)
  which is the final product of a planning process
  that will guide the implementation of a crime
  prevention project

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Crime Prevention Planning

• A strategic plan epitomizes the problem-oriented
  approach inherent in crime prevention
• Through research, the planning process identifies
  the scope and nature of the crime/disorder issue
  and then crafts appropriatesolutions
• As such, research is the critical first stage in
  any crime prevention project planning process

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Preliminary Research
• 1) Conduct preliminary research
• Initial Community Outreach
• 2) Define your community
• 3) Identify your community and other key
  stakeholders
• 4) Hold your first community-wide meeting
• Research and Analysis
• 5) Solicit participation by community members and
  other key partners
• 6) Draft a research proposal
• 7) Collect information
• 8) Analyze the information you have collected

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Crime Prevention Plan
• 9) Develop your crime prevention plan
• 10) Plan for and design your project evaluation
  (if one is desired)
• 11) Prepare a crime prevention planning report
• 12) Disseminate your (draft) crime prevention
  plan
• 13) Modify the crime prevention plan, if
  necessary
• 14) Finalize the crime prevention plan
• 15) Seek funding for your crime prevention
  activities
• Pre-project Evaluation data gathering
• 16) Collect pre-test evaluation data

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Preliminary Research
• Stage 1 Conduct Preliminary Research
• Initial orientation before you begin the next
  planning phases
• Secondary Research
• Crime prevention
• Your community
• What other similar communities have done
• Etc.

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Initial Community Outreach
• Stage 2 Define Your Community
• You need to define exactly who is your community.
  
• By defining the parameters of your community you
  then can
• identify spatial boundaries
• better focus your crime prevention planning
  activities
• have a better understanding of the demographic
  characteristics, which in turn may (1) help
  identify the potential causes of local problems
  and (2) influence your crime prevention
  strategies
• identify local groups, institutions, government
  agencies

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Initial Community Outreach
• Stage 2 Define Your Community (cont.)
• Age
• Gender
• Socio-economic status (average income level)
• Employment (type of employment, jobless rate)
• Racial and ethnic composition (languages spoken)
• Household composition
• Tenure of residence
• Average level of education

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Initial Community Outreach
• Stage 3 Identify Community Members and Other Key
  Stakeholders
• Compile a comprehensive and up-to-date list of
  residents and businesses (or at least local
  addresses)
• Identify the demographic characteristics of your
  community
• Identify the different (demographic)
  communities that exist within your larger
  community
• Identify local groups and institutions within
  your community
• Identify existing government agencies (and
  individuals within) that are responsible for your
  jurisdiction.

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Initial Community Outreach
• Stage 3 Hold your First Community-wide Meeting
• Alert educate residents on the CP planning
  process
• Provide initial information on crime disorder
  problems
• Solicit input on perceptions of local crime
  disorder
• Discuss the overall approach the community wants
  to take
• Solicit participation in the planning process
• Form action groups

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Three over-arching questions you should consider
• How will you do your research?
• What do the research findings tell you about
  crime and disorder problems in your community, as
  well as the local capacity to address such
  problems?
• How will you use these research findings when
  developing your crime prevention plan?

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Stage 5 Involve Community Members and Other Key
  Partners in the Research Process
• Assemble a research action group made up of local
  community members (as well as professionals) that
  will be responsible for collecting information to
  identify local crime and disorder problems.

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Stage 6 Plan Your Data Collection (Draft a
  Research Proposal)
• Provides a blueprint for your data collection
• objectives of the research (what)
• the methods you will be using (how)
• the sources (where who)
• a work plan (when)
• A research proposal may simply be a safety audit
  checklist
• Research Proposal Structure (Handout)

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Stage 6 Plan Your Data Collection (Draft a
  Research Proposal)
• Draft your research instruments
• Victimization survey (see Appendix B of DOJ
  Guide)
• Safety audit check list (Handouts)
• Interview questions
• Focus group questions
• (Social) Observation checklist

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Stage 7 Conduct Research (Collect Information)
• Describe the community (demographics, history
  broader issues or problems that can influence
  crime and disorder groups, local assets
  strengths that can be used to address crime and
  disorder problems, etc.)
• Identify and analyze the communitys crime and
  disorder problems specifically
• Solicit ideas from community residents and other
  key partners on how local problems can best be
  addressed

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Stage 8 Conduct Research (Collect Information)
• Crime statistics (crime rate, police calls for
  service)
• Press clippings
• Victimization survey
• Physical safety audit
• Interviews/focus groups (residents, police,
  experts)
• Observation

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• http//www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/module
  _6
• http//www.crime-prevention-intl.org/telechargemen
  t/cipcbuldiagnosticeng41202.pdf
• http//www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/albury
  cpp_1.7
• Safety Audits
• http//www.calgarycommunities.com/cpted/pdf/C-1,C-
  1A.pdf
• http//www.utoronto.ca/police/safetydir.html
• http//www.utoronto.ca/police/conduct.html
• http//www.utoronto.ca/police/checklist.html
• Victimization Surveys
• http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ccspglea.pdf
• http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ncvs1.pdf

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Research and Analysis
• Stage 8 Analyze your data
• Identify, describe prioritize problems
• Determine the impacts of the crime/disorder
  problems
• Location/spatial Distribution (Crime mapping)
• Target/victim characteristics
• Offender characteristics
• Delineate symptoms from causes!!
• Potential strategies Community resources,
  strengths, and assets, institutions, approaches,
  key partners

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan
• Stage 9 Develop the Crime Prevention Plan
• Description of your community
• Identify, describe and prioritize crime
  disorder problems
• Develop broad (yet tangible) crime prevention
  objectives
• Develop individual, yet complementary strategies
  to address each of the (prioritized) crime
  problems
• Develop a work plan for implementing the
  strategies
• Develop an evaluation plan
• Product Crime Prevention Plan (Handout)

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan Developing Solutions
• Determine the level of intervention for each
  crime problem
• Begin broadly with the overall approach
• Identify the broad institutions through which
  your crime prevention activities will be
  delivered
• Then develop specific, tangible strategies that
  will best address your problem
• Learn how other communities dealt with similar
  problems
• Hold community meetings, brainstorm around
  specific strategies
• Identify concrete options
• Debate and discuss these options in a thoughtful
  and deliberative way

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan Developing Solutions
  (cont.)
• Decide on the most appropriate strategy
• Develop objectives for each strategy
• Work out the specific steps and activities to
  achieve objective
• Identify key partners and institutions that
  should be involved in implementing this crime
  prevention strategy
• Develop a work plan and time line for
  implementing specific strategies

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan
• Stage 10 Plan for and Design your Project
  Evaluation (if one is desired)
• You need to begin planning and collecting data
  for your evaluation before the plan has been
  implemented
• Evaluation plan can be an appendix of your crime
  prevention plan
• An evaluation plan increases chances of project
  funding

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan
• Stage 11 Prepare a Crime Prevention Plan
• Four general parts
• Introduction and background (including research
  design)
• Community profile (spatially and non-spatially)
• Description analysis of crime problem (research
  findings)
• Crime prevention response (options and
  recommendations)

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan
• Stage 12 Disseminate (Draft) Crime Prevention
  Plan
• Disseminate it as widely as possible, especially
  within your community and to all key partners
  identified in the report
• The report should be translated into other
  languages that predominate in your community
• You should also try to disseminate information
  through other means, such as community meetings,
  personal contact, etc.
• Solicit feedback on the plan

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan
• Stage 13 Modify Your Crime Prevention Plan (if
  necessary)
• This is your final attempt to get as much
  community input into the plan as possible.
• Stage 14 Finalize Your Crime Prevention Plan
• A deadline should be established for final
  community input into the report. Once that
  deadline has been met, the report should be
  finalized.

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan
• Stage 15 Seek Funding for your Crime Prevention
  Activities
• Use your plan to apply for funding
• What is the amount of funding needed to carry out
  your project(s)?
• From where can we secure this funding? Public
  sector? Private sector? Private foundations?
• What steps must we take in order to maximize our
  chances of receiving funding?
• Should I designate a volunteer or hire a
  full-time/part-time fund-raiser?

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan Further Resources
• http//www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/94266.pdf
• http//www.aic.gov.au/publications/crimprev/theory
  /planning-txt.html
• http//www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/cpddev
  elop5
• http//www.indigenous.qld.gov.au/pdf/kainedbiipitl
  i/2.pdf
• http//www.iss.co.za/PUBS/CRIMEINDEX/99VOL3NO6/COM
  MUNITY.HTML

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• The Crime Prevention Plan Case Studies
• http//www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/homepa
  ge5_cpplans
• http//www.ncc.nsw.gov.au/council/plans/action/cri
  me_prevention.pdf
• http//www.parracity.nsw.gov.au/publications/safec
  ity/report.html
• http//www.orange.nsw.gov.au/PDF/cs_strategy1.pdf
• http//www.tshwane.gov.za/departments/idp/vol12_3.
  pdf
• http//www.bankstowncity.nsw.gov.au/comm/commsafet
  y/index.cfm
• http//www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/cpplan
  s_liverpool7

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Stages in the Crime Prevention Project Planning
Process

• Stage 16 Collect Pre-test Evaluation Data
• If you do plan to evaluate your crime prevention
  plan using a pre-test/post test design you
  should begin collecting the pre-test data
  before the project is implemented

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Phase Three Implement the Crime Prevention Plan

• Mobilize the community
• Successful organizing principles
• Plan, Research, Analyze
• Strong outreach and communications must involve
• Work through key community members/leaders
• Frequent contact
• Use of varied mediums
• Personal contact with community residents
• The medium and the message should be appropriate
  to the target population.
• Organize at the micro-level
• Strong, motivational leadership is essential

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Phase Three Implement the Crime Prevention Plan

• Mobilize the community
• Determine if mobilization is formal or informal
• Form a crime prevention organization?
• Non-governmental organizations that are
  community-based founded, organized, governed,
  and run by community members
• Local organizations foster collective action by
• identifying issues of concern
• stimulating public interest
• bring individuals together
• generating resources for program implementation
• Implement through existing community
  organization?

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Crime Prevention Implementation Tips

• Implement projects/programs that
• First identify address needs/desires of your
  community!!
• Address both short-term (situational/enforcement)
  and long-term crime (developmental) problems
• Take advantage of community assets
• Revolve around children!
• Can realized tangible immediate results
• Involve a group effort, such as beautification
  projects
• Involve partnerships/multi-organizational
  approach

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Phase Three Implement the Crime Prevention Plan

• Mobilize the community
• Emphasize multi-agency approach
• Bring together all relevant partners
• Community Local NGOs, community residents, etc.
• CJS Police and local prosecutors
• Other governmental schools, parks recreation,
  planners, health and sanitation
• College and University professors, researchers,
  students

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Phase Three Implement the Crime Prevention Plan

• Case Study Vancouver Neighbourhood Integrated
  Service Teams (NIST)
• More than 200 City staff work on 16 teams, each
  working in particular area of the city.
• Participants libraries, recreation centres,
  police, the fire department, planning,
  inspections, garbage collection, engineering
  services, schools and the school board, the
  health department, city legal services, permits
  and licenses, and the liquor control board.
• http//www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/nist/nis_teams.htm
  

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Phase Three Implement the Crime Prevention Plan

• Sustaining your program
• One of the most difficult challenges
• Focus on sustaining interest of community members
• Best way to sustain interest is to
• Communicate value of participation
• Address problems and to identify and communicate
  results to participants and funders

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Phase Three Implement the Crime Prevention Plan

• Sustaining your program

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Phase Four Evaluate the CP Plan

• Evaluation Framework
• Inputs Evaluate plan, resources
• Processes Evaluate implementation
• Outputs Intermediate objectives (e.g., level
  of participation)
• Outcomes Ability to meet ultimate objectives as
  laid out in crime prevention plan

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Phase Four Evaluate the CP Plan

• Stage One Planning your evaluation design
• Determine the objectives of your crime prevention
  project
• This will be the benchmark against which your
  evaluation will be based
• Determine your overall evaluation approach
• Pre-test/post-test
• Satisfaction of objectives
• Use of Control Group
• Identify the variables you will measure
• Level of participation, calls for service, crime
  rate, victimization rate
• Identify your sources of data
• Police stats, victimization stats, neighbourhood,
  media
• Determine your research methods and sources of
  data
• Review police stats, victimization survey,
  interviews, observation
• Construct and test your research instruments
• Interview questions, survey questionnaire
• Modify and finalize your research instruments
• Write up your evaluation plan

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Phase Four Evaluate the CP Plan

• Stage Two Pre-test data collection
• Stage Three Implement and monitor project
• Stage Four Post-test data collection
• Stage Five Collate and analyze data
• Stage Six Compile final evaluation report
• Stage Seven Disseminate the evaluation findings