Term Analysis

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Term Analysis

• Roots, Suffixes, Prefixes,
  Combining Vowels and Combining Forms

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Roots

• Foundation of term
• pulmonary, gastric, neural, radius
• Root variations
• pulmo pulmon, pulmono the lungs
• radi radia, radiat, radio a ray, spoke
• Multiple roots
• electroencephalograph
• choledochojejunostomy

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Roots (cont.)

• Same source language
• Same root, different meanings
• ment (L) the mind, the chin
• Different roots, same meaning
• noso (G), path (G) disease
• Different source languages
• Different roots, same meaning
• pulmo (L) pneumo(G) the lungs

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Suffixes

• Modify a root to indicate a process or procedure,
  a condition, an action, pertaining to, etc.
• Simple suffixes
• -ation, -ism, -y a process or procedure
• -ac, -al, -eal, ia, -ic, -ior, -ous
  pertaining to
• -sis a condition
• Examples cephalic (pertaining to the head
• biopsy (procedure to view a
• sample taken from living
  tissue)

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Suffixes (cont.)

• Roots can be used as suffixes
• -oid (G) to be like, resemble
• Example mucoid (like mucus)
• -emia (G) refers to blood
• Example leukemia (disease of white
  blood cells)
  
• Some are usually found at the end of a term
• -pus (G) foot
• Example Octopus (eight-footed)
• Complex suffixes (root simple suffix)
• -plasty (the root plasty the simple
  suffix y)

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Prefixes

• Used at the beginning of a term to alter its
  meaning
• pro- (G) foreward, before
• Example prolapse (fall foreward)
• epi- (G) upon
• Example epigastric (above the stomach)

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Combining Vowels

• Vowels used only to connect roots in complex
  terms
• o (most common), I, and e
• Examples cardi/o/logy, pelv/i/metry,
• chol/e/sterol

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Combining Forms

• Consist of the root and the vowel that links it
  to another root in a term
• Examples cardi/o (cardiology)
• pelv/i (pelvimetry)
• chol/e (cholesterol)

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Complex Terms

• palatopharyngoplasty
• palat/o pharyng/o plasty
• arteriosclerosis
• arteri/o scler/o sis
• hyperbilirubinemia
• hyper bil/i rubi/n emia (note the connecting
  consonant)