Cell Structures and Functions

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Cell Structures and Functions

• A Look at Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells

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Prokaryote Cells

• Bacterial cells do have a cell wall, a cell
  membrane, genetic material, and ribosomes. They
  do not contain a nucleus that organizes the
  genetic material or other organelles.

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Eukaryote Cells

• Eukaryotes are organisms that contain a nucleus
  and membrane bound organelles - tiny structures
  that carry out specific functions in the cell.

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A Comparison of Plant Cells to Animal Cells
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Cell Wall

• a rigid structure made of cellulose that
  surrounds a plant cell membrane to support and
  protect the cell

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Chloroplast

• capture energy from sunlight to produce food for
  the cell during the process of photosynthesis

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Vacuole

• Stores water, food, or waste products
• Most plant cells have one large vacuole without
  much water in the cells the plant wilts.
• Some animal cells do not have vacuoles, others do.

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Cell Membrane

• the outer boundary of a cell that controls the
  materials that move into and out of the cell

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Nucleus

• organelle that directs the cell's activities

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Nuclear Membrane

• the outer boundary of the nucleus that controls
  the materials that move into and out of the
  nucleus

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Nucleolus

• small, dark area in nucleus that makes parts for
  ribosomes

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Chromatin Chromosome

• structures in the nucleus that contain DNA that
  stores genetic information or instructions for
  cell functions

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Cytoplasm

• the clear, thick, gel-like fluid material inside
  the cell membrane

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Mitochondrion

• the powerhouses of the cell, these organelles
  break down food molecules to release energy
  during the process of cellular respiration

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• organelle consisting of folded membranes that
  move materials from one part of the cell to
  another

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Ribosome

• small grain like structures that are attached to
  the endoplasmic reticulum or float in the
  cytoplasm - assemble protein molecules

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Golgi Bodies

• receive proteins and other newly formed materials
  (such as proteins), package, and distribute them
  to other parts of the cell or release them to the
  outside of the cell

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Lysosomes

• contains enzymes that break down food and recycle
  old cell parts