Week 7 Lecture 1

1
Week 7 Lecture 1

• Issue Driven Critical Thinking Adventure Sport

2
Week 7

• Issue Driven Critical Thinking
• Adventure Sport
• Critical Thinking Theory
• Errors of Thinking
• Critical Thinking Communication Tool
• Brainstorming
• 6 Hats Thinking
• Required Reading
• Education Adventure and Schooling
• Semantics of Adventure Programming
• Case Study One 1996 Mount Everest Tragedy

3
Critical Thinking Problem

• The dangers of back country skiing far outweigh
  any value or benefit derived from this pastime.

4
Critical Thinking Check List

• What is/are the issue(s)?
• Has a conclusion or solution been proposed?
• Is it significant? To whom? Why?
• What are key words/ phrases? Multiple meanings?
• What key or vital values are implicated?
• What key or vital assumptions are implicated?
• What evidence is presented? Is it valid?
• Are statistics appropriate or deceptive?
• Is qualitative evidence appropriate or deceptive?
• Has necessary evidence been omitted or
  overlooked?
• What interpretation or logic is applied to the
  evidence?
• Are there any logical fallacies?

5
Information Processing
The Systems Approach
Input
Thru-put/ PROCESSOR
Output
6
Information Processing
Inputs
Thru-puts
Outputs

• Reality
• Curiosity
• Res. Paradigm
• Disciplinary-
• Paradigm
• Theoretical-
• perspective
• Research-
• Question
• Data Collection

• Analysis
• Inductive
• Deduction
• Descriptive
• Poetic

• New Knowledge
• Journal Articles
• Books
• Presentations
• Performances
• Interventions

7
Critical Thinking Theory Errors/Limitations of
Thinking

• 1. Errors of Perception
• 2. Errors of Judgment
• 3. Errors of Reaction

8
Perceptual Errors

• Definition Faulty way of seeing reality!
• Distorts the problem
• Distorts the sources/information
• Distorts the choice of sources/information
• Perceptual Errors tends to impact the INPUT phase
  of CT

9
Perceptual Errors

• Type A Paradigm biases
• Type B Self-interestedness
• Type C Unwillingness to admit ignorance
• Type D Resistance to Change
• Type E Preference for Singular/isolated
  solutions
• Type F Lack of intellectual autonomy
• Type G Social affiliation/posturing

10
Critical Thinking Problem

• The dangers of back country skiing far outweigh
  any value or benefit derived from this pastime.

11
Errors in Judgment

• This tends to occur in the Thru-put (or
  Processor) Phase of CT
• Related to sorting out and assessing information
• Often linked to discipline specific modes of
  analysis
• Examples
• Philosophy definitions and logic
• Exercise Physiology Calibration
• History of Sport and Physical Culture
  Dating/Attributions

12
Errors in Judgment

• Stereotyping
• Premature Conclusions
• Wrong Assumptions
• Failure to Distinguish Significant Differences
• Oversimplification
• Double Standard
• Irrelevant Criterion

13
Errors of Reaction

• Usually impacts the Output Phase of CT
• Impacts how (or if) you present the proper
  solution
• Related to anticipated reaction of others to the
  solution (Output)
• Reflects the Humanness of CT
• Fear of difference, antagonism, confrontation
• Self-image can be threatened

14
Errors of Reaction

• Explaining Away
• Shifting the Burden of Proof
• Attacking your Critics Personally
• Straw Person