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Phoenix seminar

• Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies
• Mika Luoranen
• St. Petersburg
• 01.06.2004

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Background
• What is Gasification?
• Short review of gasification technologies
• How does waste gasification differ from normal
  gasification?
• Emissions from waste gasification processes
• Legislative requirements
• Future aspects

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Background
• Waste management policy hierarchy
• Recycling not enough to meet recovery targets
• Energy recovery from waste is preferrable to
  landfill disposal
• Combustion technology development

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• What is Gasification?
• partial combustion
• products
• ash
• product gas containing mainly CO2, CO, H2, CH4,
  Cx Hy, N2

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Gasification process

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• How to classificate gasification processes?
• atmospheric / pressurized systems
• use of external heat
• gasification gas utilized in the process
• air steam
• oxygen steam
• steam
• steam CO H2
• CO2
• H2 heat

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Examples of Gasification Processes
• Fixed bed gasification
• updraft gasification
• downdraft gasification
• Fluidized bed gasification
• bubbling bed
• circulating bed

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Fixed Bed Gasification

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Fluidized Bed Gasification

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• How does waste gasification differ from normal
  gasification?
• waste materials can contain hazardous components
  such as Cl heavy metals
• composition and size distribution can vary
  remarkably
• in common waste needs more pretreatment than
  homogenous fuels

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Emissions from waste gasification processes
• normal emissions
• HCl
• HF
• heavy metal compounds
• PCDD/Fs
• gt investments in the flue gas cleaning devices

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Legislative requirements in EU
• Strict requirements for flue gas emissions
• on-line measurements
• annual measurements
• gt investments on measurement device and services

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Review of the Waste Gasification Technologies

• Future aspects
• interpretation of the environmental legislation
  is still undecided
• waste gasification technologies need to be proven
  in commercial scale