Values, Attitudes, and Goals

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Values, Attitudes, and Goals

• Chapter 3
• FCS 3000

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Mini review of terms

• Theory, including functions
• Morphogenic v morphostatic
• Entropy v homeostasis
• Equifinality v multifinality
• Optimization v satisficing
• Types of risks

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Systems Theory
Demands Values Matter Energy Information Resources
Feedback
Planning Implementing Decision making Controlling
Communicating Facilitating Use of resources
Met demands Achieved goals Satisfaction Dissatisfa
ction Altered resources
Inputs
Throughputs
Outputs
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Values

• Principles that guide behavior - worthwhile,
  preferred, consistent
• Value orientation - internally, integrated
  value system
• Affective domain - thinking
• Cognitive domain events, situations, things,
  groups

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Values

• Traditional - held by
• predominate society
• Personal - held for selves
• Professional - related to
• jobs, careers

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Cultural Values

• Enduring, measurable, not static
• Cornerstone of societys culture
• Worthwhile, preferred, consistent
• What is right, wrong
• Customs, manners, gestures

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Societal and Cultural Value Changes

• Through evolutionary process
• Technological, economic, cultural
• Family or society upsets
• Dramatic events
• Environmental threats

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Intrinsic, Extrinsic Values

• Intrinsic
• Ends in themselves
• Internally driven
• Extrinsic
• Derived worth
• Meaning from someone, something else

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Absolute, Relative Values

• Absolute - extreme, definitive
• Relative - interpretation based on context
• Tend to seek additional knowledge
• Want more details, knowledge

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Instrumental Terminal Values

• Instrumental - preferences for general modes
  of conduct
• Being helpful, loving, intellectual
• Terminal - preferences for end states of
  existence
• Equality, freedom, comfortable life

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Standards

• Quantitative and/or qualitative criteria used
  to
• Measure values and goals
• Reconcile resources with demands
• Vary greatly

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Conflicting values
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Behavior

• What people actually do
• Gap may be between values (ideal)
  behavior (actual)
• Environment, attitudes, plays role, ideas,
  feelings, likes/dislikes, state of mind

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Behavior

• Often not directly observable
• Outlooks that may express values
• Transitory and subject to change
• Often between values and goals

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Goals

• End results - desired behavior
• Give shape, meaning and direction
• Personal professional, societal, familial
• Must be prioritized, strategies developed
• Must consider resource availability

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Goals

• Influenced by outside forces
• Extrinsic motivation
• Influenced by internal forces
• Intrinsic motivation
• Must be specific and realistic
• Flexibility important
• Constantly reevaluated, updated

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Goals Versus Habits

• Things try to accomplish
• Not all behavior is goal-directed
• Habits are repetitive
• Unique to individuals
• Some actions are fulfillment of needs

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Goal Attributes

• Intensity - commitment
• Complexity - of goals interrelationships
• Priority - how important goal is
• Resource Use - how much, many
• Timing - how long it takes

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Goals and Time

• Short-term - usually ? 3 months
• Intermediate - 3 months to 1 year
• Long range - 1 year
• Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
• Physiological/safety levels - usually
  short-term

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To Create Goals

• Starts with unsatisfied need or unmet demand
• Resolve with satisfied needs
• Reduce tension
• Intrinsic motivation pleasure, value derived
• Extrinsic motivation - external rewards

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Goals and Roles

• Management important
• When goals prioritized
• Strategies developed

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Setting Goals

• Valued concept in psychology
• Reasonable, affordable
• Within resources of goal setter
• Clearly formed
• Simply stated

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Attaining Goals

• Set specific, realistic, affordable goals
• Prioritize
• State clearly, positive
• Forecast events and resources
• Implement plan, flexible
• Constantly reevaluate, update

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VALS Research

• Values and Lifestyles survey
• 35 agreement statements and demographics
• Primary self-orientations
• Ideals
• Achievement
• Self-expression

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VALS Segments
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Assignment

• Complete VALS survey online at http//www.sric-bi.
  com/ bring your results page and the
  description of your primary and secondary types
  to class

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Summary

• The study of management assumes that if someone
  devotes the required resources, plans well, and
  makes sacrifices necessary, almost anything is
  achievable.