Measurements and the Scientific Method

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Measurements and the Scientific Method
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Review of Measurements

• The Universal System of measurements is called
  the SI System
• Based on multiples of 10
• Common abbreviations
• Milli 1/1000ths
• Centi 1/100ths
• Kilo - 1000

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Review of Measurements

• What can be measured?
• Length distance between 2 points
• Temperature the hotness or coldness of an
  object
• Volume the amount of space occupied by an
  object
• Mass how much an object weighs
• Time how long it takes for an event to happen

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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements
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Review of Measurements

• Figure it out
• 1m ?cm
• 1m ?mm
• 1km ?m
• 1m ?km
• 63g ?kg
• 9L ?mL

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Review of Measurements

• Figure it out
• 1m 100cm
• 1m 1000mm
• 1km 1000m
• 1m 0.001km
• 63g 0.063kg
• 9L 9000mL

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Experimental Design

• A logical series of steps used by scientist to
  investigate or solve problems

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Experimental Design

• Title Name of the Experiment
• The Effect of the IV on the DV

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Experimental Design

• Purpose - Why are you doing this experiment?
• This step is usually triggered by an observation
• Making an observation is using the five senses to
  perceive or notice an object
• Scientist must be careful not to confuse
  observations with inferences
• An inference is drawing a conclusion on the basis
  of prior knowledge or opinion, instead of direct
  perception

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Experimental Design

• Observation vs Inference
• Observation Based on the five senses
• Sight
• Smell
• Touch
• Taste
• Hearing
• Inference Based on prior knowledge or opinion

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Observation vs Inference

• List 3 Observation
• List 3 Inferences

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Observation vs Inference

• List 3 Observation
• List 3 Inferences

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Observation vs Inference

• List 3 Observation and 3 Inferences

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Observation vs Inference

• List 3 Observation
• List 3 Inferences

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Observation vs Inference

• List 3 Observation
• List 3 Inferences

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Experimental Design

• Hypothesis an educated guess or prediction
  about the outcome of the experiment
• If the IV, then the DV

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Experimental Design

• Procedure / Experiment
• Testing the hypothesis.
• Experiment has
• Control Group
• Experimental Group
• Constants
• Variables

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Experimental Design

• Control Group
• Test group used as a standard of comparison
• Conditions for the control group should be as
  close to normal as possible

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Experimental Design

• Experimental Group
• The test group/groups that is not the control
  group

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Experimental Design

• Constants
• Conditions that must be kept the SAME between the
  Control Group and the Experimental Group/Groups

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Experimental Design

• Variable
• Factors that CHANGE in the experiment
• Two Types
• Independent Variables
• Dependent Variables

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Experimental Design

• Independent Variable
• Is the manipulated variable, what is being
  CHANGED to the experimental group/groups.
• The independent variable is controlled by the
  person doing the experiment
• Only one independent variable in an experiment

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Experimental Design

• Dependent Variable
• What is being measured in the experiment.
• It depends on the IV

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Experimental Design

• Data
• Is the recorded results from the experiment in
  the form of charts, graphs, diagrams, or pictures

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Experimental Design

• Conclusion
• Based on the data
• Restate the hypothesis Was it correct or
  incorrect?

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Experimental Design

• Theory vs Law
• Theory A hypothesis that has been proven
  correct several times will become a theory
• Ex Big Bang, Evolution
• Law A theory that has been proven correct will
  become a Law

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Experimental Design

• Lisa wanted to test how temperature effects
  hamster activity. She placed hamster A in a room
  almost at room temperature (20 degrees Celsius).
  Hamster B was placed in a 10 degree Celsius room
  and hamster C was places in a 30 degree Celsius
  room. She observed their activity as very
  active, moderately active, and not very active.

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Experimental Design

• Identify
• Control Group
• Experimental Group/Groups
• 3 Constants
• Independent Variable (IV)
• Dependent Variable (DV)
• Write an ideal hypothesis

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Unit 1, Part 1 Notes

• Measurements and the Scientific Method