Minerals

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Minerals
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Minerals
The earth is made up of matter, which consists of
elements, which in turn consist of atoms
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Minerals
What is an element?

• a form of matter that cannot be broken down
  into a simpler form by heat, cold, or reaction
  with other chemical elements
• there are 112 elements, 92 of which are
  naturally occurring

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Minerals
What is an atom?
The smallest particles of an element that retain
all of its chemical properties
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Minerals
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Minerals
Cation ()
Anion (-)
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Minerals
What causes ions to bond?
They must be in close proximity for electrical
attraction to exist. This can be done either
by a) cooling b) reduction in volume of
solution
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Minerals
What is a mineral?

• naturally occurring
• inorganic
• crystalline solid
• definite chemical composition
• e.g. Quartz, SiO2

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Minerals
There are nearly 4000 known minerals? How does
one tell them apart?
Physical Properties
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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

metallic
nonmetallic
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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

Concoidal fracture
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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

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Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals

• color
• streak
• luster
• hardness (H)
• cleavage/fracture
• habit/form
• specific gravity (G)
• magnetism
• chemical reaction
• others

• taste
• feel
• tenacity
• asterism
• fluorescence
• phosphorescence
• thermoluminescence
• triboluminescence
• piezoelectricity

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Minerals
Mineral Groups
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Mineral Groups
Silicates
The silica tetrahedron - SiO4
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Investigation What Minerals Would You Use to
Build a House?
04.15.a
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Different parts of a house
Insulation
Roof
Exterior walls
Windows
Interior walls
Cement slab
Electrical wiring
Plumbing
04.15.b1