Subscription and Open Access Business Models in Journals Publishing

1
Subscription and Open Access Business Models in
Journals Publishing

• Martin Richardson
• Managing Director
• Oxford Journals

2
Experimenting with Business Models

• Our experiments are designed to discover whether
  Open Access models can achieve wider
  dissemination than subscription models
• But in order to be successful any new business
  model will also need to be financially viable

3
Subscriptions and Licencing
The Market for Print Journals

• Small libraries
  Large libraries

Our traditional core market
Research
TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET
Teaching
4
Subscriptions and Licencing
The Market for Print Journals

• Developing countries
  Developed countries

Our traditional core market
Academic
TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET
Professional
5
The channels
Subscriptions and Licencing

• Traditional journal subscription sales
• Online journal collection sales
• Individual article sales
• Licensing content to specialist aggregators

6
Case Study Nucleic Acids Research

• Volume 35 in 2007
• 24 issues/1200 papers published per year
• 2006 impact factor of 6.3
• Open access model introduced in 2005

7
Case Study Nucleic Acids Research
8
Case Study Nucleic Acids Research
9
Subscriptions and Licencing
Serial Costs in ARL Libraries
10
Open Access Models

• Full open access Nucleic Acids Research (since
  2005)
• Optional open access 60 journals (and counting)
  across a broad range of subjects

11
NARs author open access charges
Year Non-member Member
2005 900 / 1500 300 / 500
2006 1000 / 1900 500 / 950
2007 1250 / 2370 625 / 1185

• Plus
• Special rates/waivers (0420) for developing
  countries
• Author loyalty discount
• Waiver requests considered from those in
  financial hardship.
• No charge for commissioned Survey and Summary
  papers
• Editorial board members free print or one free
  publication per year.

12
NAR submission trends
13
NAR actual open access charge payments
Period Authors requesting waiver Paying appropriate charge Accessing member form Accessing non-member form
2005 8 (inc. 3 funded by JISC) 92 71 29
2006 7 93 37 63
2007 est. 7 93 17 83
14
Nucleic Acids Research income 2004 - 2006
7
8
9
39
47
7
83
15
Is OA financially viable?
16
NAR Daily article views for 2003-2005
Does OA increase usage?
Source Ciber study, 2006
17
NAR Monthly articles viewed by referrer
Does OA increase usage
Source Ciber study, 2006 (unpublished)
18
Optional Open Access

• 54 Journals participating across a broad range of
  subjects
• Author charges 800/1500 depending on whether
  author based at subscribing institution
• Subscription prices to be adjusted in proportion
  to of pages published OA in prior year

19
Are authors choosing to pay for open access?
Oxford Open uptake 2006
20
Optional open access some issues

• Author charges are currently the same for all
  journals in Oxford Open we will consider
  different rates to reflect uptake and the impact
  of OA on individual journal revenues
• Subscription prices we are adjusting prices in
  2008 to reflect uptake in 2006-7
• Will we lose subscriptions? As yet it is to early
  to tell

21
Self-archiving an alternative model

• Link resides in IR rather than final PDF
• Access to full-text according to usual policy of
  each journal
• Allows continued and consistent collection and
  analysis of usage and citation data
• It is clear to a casual reader which version of
  an article is the final and authoritative one
• Less likely to cause subscription cancellation
  and undermine the revenue streams that fund the
  publication process, including peer-review

22
The OUP/Sherpa Project
Metadata toOxford Eprints
Link to OUP for PDF full text delivery
OAI harvesters crawl and index OAI-compliant
websites
(Self-archiving)
Oxford University Eprints I.R.
23
Case Study Subject Repositories
No delay
6 months delay
Source PubMed Central
24
Delayed Open Access Why The Decay Curve
That was then
Impacts of free access. Nature, 5 April 2001
25
Delayed Open Access Why The Decay Curve
This is now
26
Delayed Open Access Why The Decay Curve
A literature journal
27
Delayed Open Access Why The Decay Curve
A maths journal
28
How will business models evolve?

• Key influences on the way our business will be
  conducted in the future-
• Technological developments (and constraints)
• Politicians and law makers
• Research funders
• Library budgets

29
Questions?
Martin Richardson martin.richardson_at_oxfordjournals
.org