EGG

1
EGG
2
EGG STRUCTURE COMPOSITION

• Egg yolk
• Albumen (white egg)
• Shell membrane
• Egg Shell

3
Egg Yolk (31)

• Latebra The junction between discus germinal
  disk with egg yolk
• Germinal Disk Blastoderm stage of ovum cell
• Concentric Ring of egg yolk
• Vetelinne membrane transparent membrane around
  egg yolk

4
Albumen (58)

• Chalazae (3 of albumen) smooth thin layer that
  conjunction with egg yolk and chalazae,
• Inner thin layer (21 of albumen)
• Solid and thick of white egg (55)
• Outer thin layer, conjunction with egg membrane
  shell

5
Egg Shell Mebrane

• Fibrous harsh
• Compose of protein that similar as well as hair
  or feather
• Consisted of
• - Inner shell membrane
• - Outer shell membrane
• Inner shell is thin down than
• outer shell

6
Egg shell (11)

• 1.Hard, to coverage the content of egg and to
  protect the embryo from physical chemicals
  defect
• 2.Containing cuticle
• - thickness 10 30 micro meter
• - inhibit of microorganism penetration
• from the pore
• - to protect infiltration of other agent
• from outer egg shell.

7
Egg shell (11)

• 3. The pores content be variant around
  7000-17.000/egg, these function include
• - respiratory the embryo may breathe
• during incubation process
• - evaporate process
• - infiltration of outer liquor
• - the tickness depend on genetic factor,
• environment, temperature and diseases.
• 4. Pigment shell found in spongy layer
• 5. It consisted of 94 Potassium Carbonate, 1
  Magnesium Carbonate, 1 Calcium Phosphate, other
  organic component 4

8
Egg Composition
9
(No Transcript)
10
Chemical Composition
11
Composition of Egg yolk

• Protein of egg yolk
• - ovovetelin 2,4 gr (75) as phosphoprotein
  / protein containing P
• - ovolivetin 0,7 gr (25), sulfur content is
  high
• Egg yolk - Glyceride
• - Lecithin
• - Cholesterol
• Pigment of egg yolk Xantophyle

12
Composition of albumen

• Protein
• - Ovo albumen 75
• - Ovoconalbumen 3
• - Ovoglobulin 2
• - Ovo mucoid
• - Ovomucin
• Vitamin riboflavin/ slightly green

13
Composition of Eggshell

• Consisted of Shell dan shell membrane
• Outer layer cuticle
• Protein collagen/ similarly with bone protein
  and cartilage
• Ca CO3 94
• Mg CO3 1
• Ca PO4 1
• Organic matter 4
• shell Membrane
• - 4-5 of the weight of egg shell
• - containing protein, water mineral
• - Protein ovocreatine, with sulfur content
  about 1,5 3 kali higher than sulfur content in
  albumen

14
Composition of Water Fowl Egg

• Duck, Goose, Manila Duck (Entok)
• Moisture content slightly lower
• Fat content is higher
• Ducks need slightly higher temperature for embryo
  development

15
Handling of Egg

• Select the consumption egg and fertile egg
• Fertile Egg
• - temperature 26,7C.
• The develop embryo ?blood spot? vascular
  system as bee nest form (Hacch spot) ? its not
  consumable.
• - If the temperature is not stable, the embryo
  will be death ?because of contamination
• Dirty egg wash with warm water 43-51,7C,
  dried as soon as possible, water should free from
  Fe (max 3 ppm)

16
Damage Egg

• 1. Reduce of weight of egg
• - evaporation
• - Size of air sac
• - Temperature humidity during storage
• frozen ? evaporate
• penetration of microorganism
• ventilation
• porosity of egg shell (evaporation,
• contamination of m.o.)

17
2. Pengenceran

• - Putih telur tebal turun serat gliko
  protein ovomucin
• pecah
• - Ukuran yolk bertambah perpindahan air,
  krn tekanan
• osmose
• 3. Kehilangan CO2
• 4. Turunnya Berat jenis telur air cell
  bertambah
• 5. Kenaikan PH
• - Baru 7,6 8,2
• - Lama naik, krn kehilangan CO2 (
• peningkatan konsentrasi ion Hidrogen)
• - CO2 cenderung membentuk keseimbangan antara
  konsentrasi dalam telur dengan udara sekitarnya)
• 6. Dekomposisi bakterial Naik , bila lembab dan
  temperatur tinggi
• Pseudomonas bau busuk, pigmen yg menyebar
  melalui albumen

18
HATCHERY

• EQUIPMENT Incubator
• Setter Incubator that useful for 17 days
  incubation
• Hatcher Incubator that useful for 17-21days
  incubation
• Regulator Adjustable temperature

19
Hatchery term

• Fertile Egg egg belong to matting hen by 21
  days incubation process, it be hatch to d.o.c
• Fertile Egg blastula egg, it means when ova
  position the egg in blastoderm stage.
• Fertile Egg egg belong to matting hen with
  cockerel around 30 hours before (fertility Max
  2-6 days after matting), spermatozoa be able to
  life in oviduct up to 11-14 days ? 6-10 days
  after matting, the eggs still fertile
• Infertile Egg consumption egg, egg belong to
  unmating hen.

20
Hatchery term

• Fertility
• Hatchability
• Mortality during hatchery process
• Candling observation of egg on 6-7 days and
  13-14 days to observe the embryo condition
• Egg Index length/wide X 100

21
HATCHERING- Natural -
Artificial

• Hatchering Process
• 1. Settering
• 2. Hatchering
• Successfull hatchering proccess depend on
• - Temperature
• - Humidity
• - Sanitation
• - Ventilation
• - Controlling

22
Hatchery Process

• Collecting eggs
• - selection of eggs
• - Fumigation to protect invasion of
• m.o.
• - Fumigation material Formalin 40 ,
  Potassium Permanganat ( per 100 cubic 35 cc
  formalin 17,5 gr KMnO4)

23
2. Holding Room

• - Cool room for temporary storage (3 days)
• - Temperature 18C, humidity 80
• - If too longer storage temperature 15 C,
• to inhibit metabolism process in egg
• - Reducing hatchability 1 /day (3 -10
• day), after 10 days, hatchability reduce up
  
• to 3/day.
• - Turning to 45/twice daily

24
3. Pre heat

• Adaptation Room to prevent embryo from shock
  condition
• Approximately 6 hrs in room temperature

25
4. Setter

• - Duration length 18 days
• - Temperature 97 99 F
• - Take parallel places with 45 angle
• - humidity 86
• - low humidity (82-85) crawl feather
• - high humidity(87-88) difficulty to
  hatch,
• because of linkage mucous
• - Turning egg automatically, every 1 hrs, to
  keep
• embryo develop completely.
• - Provide air fan with rating 1425 -1450 rpm
  (to distribute the warm air

26
5. Transfer

• Moving from setter stage to hatchery
• Candling of egg with TL 40 Watt lamp
• Infertile egg (clear chick), take out from
  incubator
• When transfering of fertile eggs, hatchery room
  must be fumigated with KMnO4 (triple doses)

27
6. Hatchering

• 3 days (days 19th-21th hari)
• Fumigation every day with double doses
• Increasing humidity of hatchery room by 0,2 F
• Coloring (Blower) by formalin 200cc and add
  some water 400 cc ? brawniest on d.o. and it
  keep up to 5-7 days

28
7. Pool Chick

• DOC (Day Old Chick) do to
• - sexing
• - De beaking
• - Marek Vaccination (layer)? sub cutanaeus
• around cervical area
• - Selection take out ? abnormally form of
  beak, blindness, smooth smaller wing, crawl
  feather, botak, un symmetric legs, dried leg,
  omphalitis, wet feather)
• - The good quality of d.o.c. were placed in
  cartoon then ready for market.

29
Importance Factors during Hatchery

• Temperature high ? death embryo
• Humidity
• - Low dehydration ? too dried ?
• death embryo/ light weight of d.o.c
• - High to prevent linkage water, reduce
• hatchability
• Ventilation
• - Embryo need O2 produce CO2
• - Embryo sensitive to CO2 excess

30
Wider of Air Sacc/Air cellon candling days 7th,
14th 18th
31
Candling of Eggs
32

• Dimulai sejak fertilisasi ? sel mengalami
  pembelahan? terus berlangsung bila suhu 82 F
• Blastoderm menyebar pada permukaan yolk
• Sel I menyusun lap ektoderm
• Mengalami invagination dengan arah ke bawah ?
  membentuk lap entoderm
• Antara ekso derm dan entoderm terdapat mesoderm

33
Development of Chicken Embryo during Hatchery
Process

• Ectoderm ? skin, beak, feather, nail, nervous
  system, mouth line, vent
• Mesoderm ? muscles, skeletal, blood, excretory
  organ Reproduction
• Entoderm ? respiratory tract, secretary organ
  digestive tract.

34
Day 1st

• After 3 hrs ? primitive streak ? faster
  development ? avoid new organ
• Hours 16th-24th deferentiation of head and to
  create foregut
• Composing a few somit blood streams
• Composing neural fold (in head)? neural grove ?
  caecum

35
Days 2nd

• Anterior? brain
• Hours 44th formality of hearth and activated it
• Blood system
• 1. For embryo body
• 2. For vitelline, pass from the hearth to
• - embryonic secretory cell
• - yolk Sacc yolk folder, source of nutrient
• - Amnion (days 2nd3rd)? containing amnion
  liquor, surrounding embryo ? covered
• - Allantoin
• - Serosa terbentuk pada waktu yg sama gn
  amnion?skt ekstra embrionic membran menempel
  membran sel? akhirnya berfusi dengan allantois.

36
Day 4

• All embryo organs perform develop
• The form of embryo different with mammals embryo
• Allenton formed to chorizo and surrounding egg
  contents.
• Allenton capillary connect to cell membrane at
  that moment Allenton started as respiratory and
  excretory functions.
• Allenton circulation nutrient from albumen Ca
  from embryo skin ? embryo
• Development of leg and wing, tail were appearance
  at one side of body brain, nervous spinals,
  optical lance, ear hole.
• Heart was out of body.

37
Day 6-18

• Day 6 wing leg were appearances.
• Day 8 9 young feather has performed.
• Day 13 The color of embryo has performed.
• Day 16 Beak, toe have performed feed supply
  from albumen egg yolk.

38
Day 19

• Egg yolk enter to the body
• Beak attached to the air cell.
• Functionally of lung
• Embryo position head was under right wing
  trough to the air cell, legs were folded trough
  to the head, therefore head position was in
  between of the two legs.
• The anterior of mandible was develop to chi tine
  which is has function for piping.
• Neck muscles fasten growth be stronger which is
  for energy supply.
• Allenton was not functionally any more-? dry
  some blood circulation attached to the egg shell.

39
Day 20 - hatchery

• Day 20 egg shell was broken
• Day 21 Hatcher of day old chick.

40
Development of Chicken Embryo during Hatchery
Process
41
Development of Chicken Embryo during Hatchery
Process