Functional Groups

1
Functional Groups

• What is the family name?

2
alkanes

• Only carbon and hydrogen
• All single bonds

Q What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made
up o of just single bonds?
A Cycloalkanes
3
alkenes

• Only carbon and hydrogen
• A carbon to carbon double bond

Q What should you call a molecule with two CCs?
A A diene
4
alcohols

• Only one oxygen
• Has an O-H group
• Can classify as 1º/2º/3º according to position of
  O-H group on carbon skeleton

Q Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in
water?
A They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O
molecules
5
phenols

• Only one oxygen
• Has an O-H group
• The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene
  ring

Q The C6H5- group has a special name. What is
it?
A Phenyl
6
aldehydes

• Only one oxygen
• Has a CO group
• CO group is at the end of carbon chain, so is
  next door to a hydrogen atom

Q Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form ?
A Carboxylic acids
7
ketones

• Only one oxygen
• Has a CO group
• CO group is not at the end of carbon chain, so
  is next door to 2 carbons

Q Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
A No hydrogen atom attached to the CO group.
8
carboxylic acids

• Has 2 oxygens
• Has O-H and CO groups on the same carbon atom
• This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon
  chain (why?)

Q Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid
can a act as a (weak) acid.
9
esters

• Has 2 oxygens
• One oxygen is part of a CO bond, the other is
  next door, sandwiched between two carbons

Q This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic
acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol,
and name the ester.
A Alcohol methanol ester methyl ethanoate
10
ethers

• Has 1 oxygen
• No O-H or CO group
• The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms

Q Why do ethers have much lower boiling points
t than their isomeric alcohols?
A No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules
(why?)
11
What family? quiz

• Family names
• cycloalkane
• alkene
• primary (1º) alcohol
• secondary (2º) alcohol
• tertiary (3º) alcohol
• phenol

• aldehyde
• ketone
• carboxylic acid
• ester
• ether
• are you ready?

5
4
3
2
1
GO!
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What family does it belong to? (1)
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What family does it belong to? (2)
14
What family does it belong to? (3)
15
What family does it belong to? (4)
16
What family does it belong to? (5)
17
What family does it belong to? (6)
18
What family does it belong to? (7)
19
What family does it belong to? (8)
20
What family does it belong to? (9)
21
What family does it belong to? (10)
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What family does it belong to? (11)
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Answers What family? quiz (1)
alkene
24
Answers What family? quiz (2)
aldehyde
25
Answers What family? quiz (3)
secondary alcohol
26
Answers What family? quiz (4)
primary alcohol
27
Answers What family? quiz (5)
ether
28
Answers What family? quiz (6)
ester
29
Answers What family? quiz (7)
ketone
30
Answers What family? quiz (8)
phenol
31
Answers What family? quiz (9)
carboxylic acid
32
Answers What family? quiz (10)
tertiary alcohol
33
Answers What family? quiz (11)
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
cycloalkane
34
Spot the functional groups quiz

• Functional groups
• alkene
• primary (1º) alcohol
• secondary (2º) alcohol
• tertiary (3º) alcohol
• phenol
• arene (NEW!)

• aldehyde
• ketone
• carboxylic acid
• ester
• ether
• are you ready?

5
4
3
2
1
GO!
35
Spot both the functional groups (1)
phenol
carboxylic acid
36
Spot all three functional groups (2)
ester
carboxylic acid
arene
37
Spot both the functional groups (3)
phenol
ester
38
Spot both the functional groups (4)
primary alcohols
secondary alcohol
39
Spot all three functional groups (5)
ketone
tertiary alcohol
alkene
40
Spot all three functional groups (6)
aldehyde
alkene
arene
41
Spot all three functional groups (7)
ketone
arene
ether
42
Functional groups quiz results
Maximum score 18
How did you do?