Principles of Biochemistry 4e

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• Chapter 11 - Pt. 1
• Glycolysis
• Introduction to the glycolytic
• patway.
• 2. Study of individual reactions.

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Glucose
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
NADH
CA cycle
Electron Transport Chain
O2
ATP
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1. Hexokinase, glucokinase
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2. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
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Phosphofructokinase I
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Important control point after this the sugars
are committed to glycolysis. allosteric stimul
ated by ADP inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate
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4. Aldolase
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Example of base catalysis.
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5. Triose phosphate isomerase
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• Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
• dehydrogenase

What happens to the NADH. (1) to electron
transport (2) to reduce pyruvate to lactate.
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7. Phosphoglycerate kinase
Substrate-level phosphorylation vs. Oxidtive
phosphorylation.
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase can
also incorporate arsenate.
No net ATP made in glycolysis.
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• Phosphoglycerate mutase

Isomerase that transfers a phosphoryl group.
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9. Enolase
Unstable high energy
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How much ATP and NADH are made in glycolysis?
ATP
Hexokinase -1 Phosphofructokinase -1 Phosphogl
ycerate kinase 2 Pyruvate kinase 2 Net
2
NADH 2
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Fates of pyruvate
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Formation of ethanol

• 2 steps.
• Decarboxylate
• to form acetaldehyde
• CO2
• Thiamine pyrophosphate
• 2) Reduce to ethanol.
• Requires NADH

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Formation of lactate.
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Glucose 2P 2ADP ? 2 latate 2 ADP
2H2O In muscles in rapid, strenuous exercise In
the cornea other tissues that lack oxygen.