Ch' 47 Circulatory System

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Ch. 47 Circulatory System

• Draw the heart
• SA node ? top (pacemaker)
• AV node ? bottom pg. 995
• Blood Pressure
• Systole ? top reading
• Diastole ? bottom reading
• 120/80 pg.996

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Heart pg.994

• Located under the sternum about the size of a
  fist.
• Averages 72 beats/min
• Pumps 5.5 L of blood per minute.
• Protect with a sac-like membrane around it called
  the pericardium.
• Divided into right left sides by a septum.

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Causes of heart rate increase

• 1. Carbon dioxide
• 2. Increase in temperature
• 3. Hormones
• 4. Brain reflex (scared)

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Blood Vessels

• Artery, vein, capillaries pg. 991
• Muscles in the vessels
• 1. Connective
• 2. Smooth
• 3. Endothelium
• Why is the artery thicker than the vein?

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• What is the largest blood vessel?
• Aorta, Why?
• Arteries?arterioles?capillaries?venules?veins
• Vercose veins close to the skins surface
• Can cut or strip these out.

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• Pulmonary Artery only artery to carry
  Deoxygenated blood.
• Pulmonary Vein only vein to carry oxygenated
  blood.

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3 subsystems of circulation

• 1. Coronary Circulation
• Heart
• 2. Renal Circulation
• Kidney
• 3. Hepatic portal Circulation
• liver

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Blood

• Liquid tissue 9 body weight
• Average person has 5 Liters.
• 1. Plasma liquid portion
• 55 of the blood volume
• Sticky, straw-colored liquid
• 90 water

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• 2. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) pg. 988
• Formed in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
• Flat disks with 2 concave surfaces. They help
  transport oxygen.
• Hemoglobin is a protein that forms with RBCs
• Molecule inside RBCs that transports oxygen.

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• There are about 30 trillion RBCs in the human
  body at once. They live for only about 130 days.
  About 2 million RBCs are regenerated every
  second.

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• 3. White Blood Cells
• Ameboid movement
• Help defend the body against diseases.
• Larger than RBCs
• They are phagocytes (engulf)
• WBCs carry antibodies that destroy foreign
  substances (colds infections)

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• 4. Platelets or throbocytes
• Start blood clotting process
• Live 7 to 11 days
• Serum doesnt have clotting properties.

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Blood Types pg. 990

• Antigens ? A,B,AB,O
• A ? antigen A , antibody B
• B ? antigen B, antibody A
• AB ? antigen A B , no antibody
• O ? no antigen, antibody A B

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Genotype

• A ? Ia Ia IaIo
• B ? IbIb IbIo
• AB ? IaIb
• O ? IoIo
• Universal receiver
• AB
• Universal donor
• O

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Rh Factor pg. 991

• Protein found in the blood, its a blood antigen.
  Named after the Rhesus monkey.
• 85 U.S. population positive
• 15 U.S. population negative
• Cant mix or it will agglutinate.

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Respiratory System

• Passage - pg. 983
• Nostrils, nasal passage, pharynx, trachea,
  bronchi, bronchi tubes, air sacs (alveoli)
• What is the process of taking air into the lungs?
• Inhale
• What the process of letting air out?
• Exhale

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• Your lungs holds about 6 L of oxygen ? Total Lung
  Capacity
• You normally inhale about .5 L of oxygen.
• The maximum amount of air a person can inhale
  exhale is 3500-ml ? Vital Lung Capacity

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• The air you breathe in out just sitting is
  500-ml ? Tidal Air
• The air you breathe in then in some more is
  1500-ml ? Complemental Air
• The air you breath out then out some more is
  1500-ml ? Supplemental Air

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• The air that stays in your lungs is 1000-ml ?
  Residual Air
• Respiration rate is the measurement of the of
  times a person inhales exhales in a minute.
• Men ? 15 16
• Women children ? 20

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Exercise pg. 984 - 985