THE PERIODIC TABLE

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THE PERIODIC TABLE

• CH 5

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Organizing the Elements Mendeleev discovered a
way to classify the elements

• He arranged the elements into rows in order of
  increasing mass, so that elements with similar
  properties were in the same column.
• The columns were organized by properties

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Organizing the Elements Mendeleev discovered a
way to classify the elements

• The masses within a column increased from top to
  bottom
• The Periodic Table is defined as an arrangement
  of elements in columns, based on a set of
  properties that repeat from row to row

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The Modern Periodic Table

• Periods are the Horizontal rows, there are 7
  periods
• Period number tells the number of energy levels
  for those elements
• Elements become less metallic and more
  nonmetallic as you move from left to right
• Lanthanide Series57-70
• Actinide Series89-102

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The Modern Periodic Table

• Groups or Families are the Vertical columns,
  there are 18 Groups
• Elements within a group have similar chemical
  properties
• For the A groups, the group number is the of
  valence electrons

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Atomic Mass

• Atomic mass is a value that depends on the
  distribution of an elements isotopes in nature
  and the masses of those isotopes
• An atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one
  twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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Classes of ElementsMETALS

• -good conductors of heat and electricity
• -Solids (except mercury)
• -Ductile
• -Malleable
• -Shiny
• Transition Metals are located in groups 3-12

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Classes of ElementsNONMETALS

• -poor conductors of heat and electricity
• -low boiling points so most are gases
• -solids are brittle
• -Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal

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Classes of ElementsMETALLOIDS

• Metalloids are elements with properties that fall
  between those of metals and nonmetals

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Valence Electrons

• A valence electron is an electron
• that is in the highest occupied
• energy level of an atom (known as the outer shell
  electrons!)
• For the A groups, the group number tells how
  many valence electrons there are

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Alkali Metals

• Group 1A
• One valence electron
• Extremely reactive
• The reactivity increases from the top to the
  bottom

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2A
• Two valence electrons
• Reactivity is show by the way each reacts with
  water.

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The Boron Family

• Group 3A
• Three valence electrons
• Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the
  Earths crust

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The Carbon Family

• Group 4A
• Four valence electrons
• Most of the compounds in your body contain carbon
• Silicon is the second most abundant element in
  the Earths crust

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The Nitrogen Family

• Group 5A
• Five valence electrons
• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are used in fertilizers

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THE ADAMS FAMILY

• Sorry, I got carried away, dont copy this!!
• Deep breath, its almost over!!!
• SNAP, SNAP

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The Oxygen Family

• Group 6A
• Six valence electrons
• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the
  Earths crust

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The Halogens

• Group 7A
• Seven valence electrons
• Highly reactive (Fluorine is the most reactive)

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The Noble Gases

• Group 8A
• Eight valence electrons (except for Helium)
• Colorless, odorless, and extremely unreactive
• stable elements