An Introduction to the Periodic Table

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An Introduction to the Periodic Table

• Using the Periodic Table
• An Introduction to the Elements

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Periodic Table

• Why Periodic????
• The properties of the elements repeat in in a
  periodic way.
• Invaluable tool for chemistry
• Used for organization
• History of the table
• Newlands
• Meyer
• Mendeleev
• Mosley

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The Modern Periodic Table

• Elements are arranged by atomic number
• Typical box contains
• Name of the element
• Symbol
• Atomic number
• Atomic mass

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Periods Horizontal Rows

• Numbered 1-7

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Groups Vertical Columns

• Numbered 1-18

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Interactive Periodic Tables

• http//periodic.lanl.gov/index.shtml
• www.webelements.com
• www.chemicool.com
• http//education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele016.html
  

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Classification of the Elements

• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids

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Metals

• Occupy the left side of the periodic table
• Have luster, shiny
• Solids at room temp except Hg
• Ductile ability to be drawn into wires
• Malleable ability to be hammered into sheets
• Excellent conductors of heat and electricity
• Tend to form positive ions

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NonMetals

• Occupy the right side of the Periodic Table
• Generally gases or brittle solids
• Dull-looking
• Brittle
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Bromine is the only liquid at room temp
• Tend to form negative ions

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Metalloids

• Characteristics of
• metals and nonmetals

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Classification of the Elements

• Families of elements share the same ending
  electron configuration
• therefore they share similar chemical
  characteristics
• Valence Electrons electrons in the highest
  principal energy level
• Determine Chemical reactivity
• Elements in a group share the same number of
  valence electrons

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Families of elements (Groups)

• Share structural and chemical (behavioral)
  characteristics
• Alkali Metals
• Alkaline Earth Metals
• Transition Elements
• Halogens
• Nobel Gases