Modern Periodic Table

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Modern Periodic Table

• Mrs. Coyle

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Part I

• Introduction.
• Periods and groups.
• Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

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The Modern Periodic Table

• The Periodic Table is a listing of all the known
  elements.
• The elements are organized by
• Atomic number
• Chemical Properties

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Groups and Periods

• Group( or Family) a vertical column. Elements in
  groups have similar chemical properties.
• Period a horizontal row.

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Groups and Periods are numbered.

• There are 7 periods.
• There are 18 numbered columns.

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IUPAC

• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• 1985 new system for labeling groups.

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Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

• Elements can be classified into
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids (semimetals)

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Nonmetals
Metals
Metalloids
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Actinides and Lanthanides
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Physical Properties of Metals

• Good conductors of electricity and heat.
• Malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
• Ductile (can be drawn into wires).
• Lustrous.

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Chemical Properties of Metals

• Easily lose electrons.
• Form positive () ions.

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Nonmetal Physical Properties

• They do not have the properties of metals.

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Nonmetal Chemical Properties

• Gain electrons.
• Form negative ions.

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Part II

• Valence Electrons
• Group 1
• Group 2

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-Niels Bohrs Model Distinct Energy Levels
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Periods

• The periods (rows) of the periodic table indicate
  the highest energy level occupied by one or more
  electrons.

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Valence Electrons

• The electrons the occupy the highest energy level
  of an atom.
• Valence electrons play a key role in the chemical
  properties of an element.

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A Groups (Old System)

• The A groups are numbered 1?8.
• The number of the A groups correspond to the
  number of valence electrons.

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Group 1- Alkali Metals

• 1 valence electron (ns1)
• Form a 1 ion.
• Note Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is located in the
  first column because it has one valence electron.

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Group 1- Alkali Metals

• Lithium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Rubidium
• Cesium
• Francium

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Sodiums Reaction with H2O Produces Hydrogen
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Reactivity of Alkali Metals

• Increases from top to bottom of the group.
• Which is more reactive Cesium or Sodium?

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Note

• Sodium and Potassium are stored in oil to keep
  them from reacting with oxygen and water in the
  air.
• Cesium is stored in glass tubes of argon gas( an
  inert gas).

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Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals

• Beryllium
• Magnesium
• Calcium
• Strontium
• Barium
• Radium

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Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals

• Have 2 valence electrons.
• Form 2 ions.

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Group 2- Alkali Earth MetalsReactions with Water

• Be does not react with water.
• Mg reacts with hot water.
• Ca, Sr, Ba react easily with cold water.
• Which way along the group does reactivity
  increase?

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Notes

• There is Mg in chrolophyll
• C55H72O5N4Mg
• Calcium is in your bones, chalk, limestone,
  toothpaste, pearl (all as calcium carbonate).

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The Periodic Table