P1258866958HsJuV

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• Extending and Refining Knowledge
• Elaboration
• Giving deeper meaning
• Understanding
• Further processing
• Connection formation in the brain

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Analogy a comparison of one thing with another
thing that has similar features e.g. drawing an
analogy between the human heart and a
pump Metaphor a word or phrase used in an
imaginative way to describe sb/sth else, in order
to show that the two things have the same
qualities and to make the description more
powerful e.g. she has a heart of stone
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The basis of the TWA (Teaching-With-Analogies)
model consists of six operations that the teacher
carries out when drawing an analogy 1.
Introduce target concept (e.g., the human eye)
2. Review analog concept (e.g., a simple
camera) 3. Identify relevant features of
target and analog (e.g., retina and film) 4.
Map similarities (e.g., lens) 5. Indicate
where analogy breaks down (e.g., focusing) 6.
Draw conclusions (e.g., about lens aberrations)
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More examples of analogies A DNA molecule
is like a ladder, A cell is like a
factory, A kidney is like a waste
filter, An eye is like a camera,
Photosynthesis is like baking bread (both are
food-making processes in which the ingredients
are combined and converted by energy).
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For children, an analogy functions as an initial
model of the target concept--a model that draws
on the children's existing knowledge. Later, when
the children learn more about the target concept,
they will "outgrow" the analogy and adopt more
sophisticated models of the concept.
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• Use Metaphors or Analogies to gain a better
  understanding of the following
• Love/falling in love
• Right hemisphere/left hemisphere of the brain
  (and the relationship between the two)
• Zero
• Dimensions of learning