Cells Are Cool

1
Cells Are Cool

• Jenna Chan
• Vicki Chu
• Vanessa Mejia
• Monique Urbnia

2
Cell Membrane

• It is a thin and structured bilayer of
  phospholipid and protein molecules that envelopes
  the cell.

Signal Transduction

• Is a way to relay info about outside environment.

Selectively Permeable

• It allows only certain objects in or out.

3
Cytoplasm

• It is a jelly-like material, made up of mostly
  water, that fills the cell. Most of the time, it
  is clear in color. The cytoplasm is cytosol and
  organelles, except the nucleus.

Ribosomes

• The small cellular structure in which RNA
  translates the genetic code into proteins.

4
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of tubules,
  vesicles and sacs that are interconnected.

Rough ER

• Rough ER is covered in ribosomes. It transports
  proteins

Smooth ER

• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. It transports lipids

5
Golgi Apparatus

• It functions as a central delivery system for the
  cell.

Vesicles (Vacuoles)

• They consist of a single membrane surrounding the
  liquid or solid contents. It acts a container.

6
Mitochondria

• It provides the energy a cell needs to move,
  divide, produce secretory products, contract.
• Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles, and
  like the nucleus have a double membrane. The
  outer membrane is fairly smooth. But the inner
  membrane is highly convoluted, forming folds
  called cristae. The cristae greatly increase the
  inner membrane's surface area.

7
Lysosomes

• They are a liquid filled sac surrounded by a
  single membrane. They can either digest
  substances brought into the cell or they can
  digest parts of the cell itself.

Peroxisomes

• They are a liquid filled sac surrounded by a
  single membrane. Peroxisomes break down fatty
  acids and amino acids.

8
(No Transcript)
9
Cilia

• The fine hairlike projections from certain cells
  that help to sweep away fluids and particles. It
  is the shorter one of the two.

Flagella

• They are an extension of the plasma membrane
  responsible for movement. The only flagellated
  cell are sperm cells

10
Cilia
Flagella
11
Nuclear Envelope

• The nuclear envelope refers to the double
  membrane of the nucleus that encloses genetic
  material in eukaryotic cells.

Nuclear Pores

• Numerous nuclear pores are present on the nuclear
  envelope to facilitate and regulate the exchange
  of materials between the nucleus and the
  cytoplasm.

12
Nucleus

• The cell nucleus is a remarkable organelle
  because it forms the package for our genes and
  their controlling factors.

Nucleolus

• The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin. It is the
  nucleolus that manufactures ribosomes

Chromatin

• Chromatin is that portion of the cell nucleus
  which contains all of the DNA of the nucleus in
  animal or plant cells.

13
(No Transcript)
14
Human Cloning

• PROS
• Provides organs for transplants
• Huge scientific progress
• Treats illnesses
• Gay or celibate couples can have children
• CONS
• Unethical experimentation
• Clones are unhealthy and have built in genetic
  defects
• Destroys human individuality/uniqueness
• Only one biological parent
• Unnatural