TI 2111

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TI 2111 Perancangan Sistem Kerja dan Ergonomi

• Handout Mata Kuliah
• Lab. Perancangan Sistem Kerja Ergonomi
• Institut Teknologi Bandung
• 2006

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TI 2111 Syllabus
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TI 2111 Course Description

• Survey of Industrial Engineering methods for
  measuring, evaluating, and improving performance
  of work systems in organizations.
• Introduction to Ergonomics with an emphasis on
  human capabilities and limitations.
• Discussion of application of Industrial
  Engineering and Ergonomics design principles to
  redesign workstations, work tasks, and work
  environments.

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TI 2111 Course Objectives

• Describe the role of Work measurement
  Ergonomics in the workplace
• Conduct a methods engineering study of a
  particular job, including methods analysis, time
  studies, and work sampling studies.
• Apply industrial engineering and ergonomics /
  human factors design principles to the analysis
  and redesign of an existing work station, work
  task, piece of equipment, work environment, etc.

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Course Texts

• Niebel B. and Freisvalds A. (2003). Methods,
  Standards, and Work Design, 11th ed.,
  McGraw-Hill, Boston
• Wickens C. et al., (2004). An Introduction to
  Human Factors Engineering, 2nd ed., Pearson
  Prentice Hall, London

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Course Topics

• Introduction Definitions, historic review,
  motivation
• Work System Design
• Definitions, objectives and performance measures
• Time study methods equipment
• Performance Rating and Allowances
• Standard Times
• Predetermined Time Systems
• Work Sampling
• Ergonomics
• Introduction
• Visual, Auditory, Cognition
• Display and Control
• Biomechanics, Physiology

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Grading (subject to change)
Course Requirement Percentage of grade
Examinations (2) 60
Quizzes 10
Homework (2) 15
In-class activities 15
Class participation Bonus
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Miscl.

• Regular class attendance and participation
• This class is designed to allow students to apply
  the concepts, no one correct solution
• All written assignments will be graded on the
  quality of the work. It is expected that each
  student will provide well-written and defended
  solutions to the problems for this class. Only
  legible handwriting will be graded.
• If you have a dispute about a grade for any
  assignment or examination, provide the instructor
  with a written explanation no later than 1 week
  after the work was returned to you. I do make
  mistakes, so please dont hesitate to bring them
  to my attention.
• I will strive to make this an exciting class. I
  welcome your suggestions for improving the course
  at any time.

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Dos and Dont

• Do read the material before class...
• Do your homework
• Ask questions
• Dont wait till the last minute
• Dont even think about copying others

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Tentative Schedule (Subject to Change)
Week Topic Reading Assignments
1 Course introduction, History, Motivation 1.1
2 Problem solving and operation analysis tools (7 tools, 5W-1H, 5Why, charts, etc.) Motion study Principles of motion economy 1.2, 1.3 1.4
3 Kaizen, Poka Yoke, SMED Time study Concept Introduction 1.9
4 Time study Cycle time, rating factors, and allowance 1.10, 1.11
5 Time study Standard time Predetermined time systems 1.12 1.13
6 Work sampling 1.14
7 Wage payment Midterm exam 1.17
8 Intro to Human Factors Engineering Visual sensory system 2.1 2.4
9 Auditory system Cognition system 2.5 2.6
10 Display Control 2.8 2.9
11 Engineering anthropometry Biomechanics of work 2.10 2.11
12 Work Physiology Stress and Workload 2.12 2.13
13 Safety, accidents, and human error HCI and Automation 2.14 2.15 2.16
14 Selection and Training Guest lecture 2.18
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1. Introduction
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Industrial Engineering ?

• 1948 American Institute of Industrial
  Engineering (AIIE) (www.iienet.org)
• is concerned with the design, improvement, and
  installation of integrated systems of people,
  material, information, equipment, and energy. It
  draws upon specialized knowledge and skills in
  the mathematical, physical, and social sciences
  together with the principles and methods of
  engineering analysis and design to specify,
  predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained
  from such systems.
• .. .is concerned with the analysis, design,
  installation, control, evaluation, and
  improvement of socio-technical systems in a
  manner that protects the integrity and health of
  human, social, and natural ecologies. A
  socio-technical system can be viewed as any
  organization in which people, materials,
  information, equipment, procedures interact in an
  integrated fashion

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Modern industrial organization
Productivity Quality Efficiency Effectiveness Safe
ty Comfort

• Increasing competition (increased number of
  competitors)
• Stiffer requirements for international
  competitiveness (i.e. ISO standards)
• High sophistication in quality of products
  demanded by customers

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• We are in a new economic age. We can no longer
  live with commonly accepted levels of delays,
  mistakes, defective materials and defective
  workmanship.
• W. Edward Deming, 1968

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Performance measures
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Ways to improve performance of a work system

• Improved layout, workflow, and material handling
• Training
• Work simplification
• Job/tools redesign
• Improved work environment
• Workers selection

Methods Standards Work design Ergonomics
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Work System Design ( Ergonomics) PSKE

• Purpose To increase productivity in industry,
  while maintaining worker health and safety thru
• Work Measurement
• Methods Engineering
• Continuous and repetitive process
• Work measurement (e.g. Time study)
• A process for measuring
• Work Methods
• Systematic procedure for analyzing a given task

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TTCK ? PSKE (Sutalaksana, 1979)
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PSKE - Objectives

• Minimize times (Fig. 1.2)
• Improve quality and reliability
• Minimize direct and indirect material cost
• Maximize the safety and well being of the workers
• Increase job interest and satisfaction for the
  workers

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PSKE - Applications

• Design and improvement of work methods
• Establish a standard work methods and standard
  time
• Training Workers selection
• Lay-out design
• Economic analysis, costing, task evaluation
• Reward workers motivation
• Production planning and control
• Product design

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Historical Development

• The origin of time study
• Frederic W. Taylor
• Frank Lillian Gilbreth
• Henry L. Gantt
• Henry Ford
• Elton Mayo

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Frederic W. Taylor (1856-1915)

• Founder of the Scientific Management term
• Emphasized on
• Increasing throughput
• Reducing manufacturing costs
• As a result, increasing workers salaries
• Tools (how to do the above)
• Divide the task into small elements
• Separate the non-required from the required
  elements
• Setting standards time, quality, methods.
• Specialization training for a specific job