An Uncivil War 18611865

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An Uncivil War 1861-1865

• Major Rogers

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Good to Be BackWhat I Learned

• We have a great program
• Lock-ins and Movie Tuesday
• MSgt Stone is a CIMS expert
• All our information is at the tip of our fingers
• I need to let cadets run the corps more
• Leaders need to review goals
• Learning styles
• I will be diagnosing and doing some new things
• Reading is extremely important
• Louisiana jail system
• Top 10 read at least 30 minutes per day

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Question

• The United States voted to make North Carolina a
  major toxic waste dump for the country.
  
• North Carolina refused and said it would be its
  own country.
  
• Can it do this?
• Is there a legal method to allow states to be
  independent?

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Why Should You Care

• This war did more to shape the US than any other
  war in history
  
• It decided issues such as
• Can one man own another?
• Can states leave the union?
• How will we develop economically?

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Something Else to Keep In Mind

• The Civil War was the first war the US had that
  can be defined as a TOTAL WAR
  
• All of society participatedthere were no
  spectators
  
• It was (and is) the bloodiest to date
• 600,000 Americans dead
• 500,000 seriously wounded
• 23,000 dead in one battle in one day!

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What Caused ItThe Four Basics

• Differing economic/cultural systems
• Northindustrialentrepreneur
• Southfarming (agrarian)--aristocratic
• Slavery
• North could afford to be morally opposed
• South required cheap labor
• State v- Federal Right
• Election of Abraham Lincoln

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What Did They Want?

• Lincoln wanted a strong, unified nation and free
  the slaves
  
• Many didnt want the southlet them go
• Many didnt care
• South wanted its own country and to keep slavery
• Southerners were united!!!

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Military Strategy The North

• Had to have complete victoryotherwise would be
  dogged by opposition
  
• Winfield Scottchoke slowly
• Said war would be longfired
• Abraham Lincolnchoke quicklywanted quick
  victory to quiet Copperheads
  
• Take the West
• Protect the East (Capital)Lincoln
  priorityprobably prolonged the war
  

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Military StrategyThe South

• OffensiveDefense
• Defend the territory by keeping the fight on the
  Norths territory
  
• Problems
• The South was poor and undermanned (5-2)
• Railroad system was not ONE system
• States were in chargeno unified command
• Lee spent more time defending Richmond than
  attacking or protecting supplies coming from the
  West

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Military Technology and Technique

• Known as the FIRST MODERN WAR
• Technology
• Military Structurea staff of planners
• Society was mobilized

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TechnologyTransportation and Communication

• Railroads
• Advantage to the North
• Moved massive amounts of troops quickly
• Moved supplies far and wide
• Telegraph allowed communication to field quickly

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Technology and Weapons

• Weapons
• Muzzle loaded weaponmore accuratebecame a war
  of attrition
  
• Armored ships
• Submarines and rapid fire weapons first used, but
  were NOT major impact
  
• Industrial Revolution allowed mass production
  favoring the North

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Impact of Technology

• 80 casualty rates
• 4 of 5 soldiers in one unit would die in one
  battle23,000 at Antietem
  
• Required CONSCRIPTION to support the numbers
• 16,000 troops at first of war
• 2 million by the end (1 million at any one time)
• Armies would rush and fall
• Navy
• 42 ships at beginning of the war
• Over 700 in North alone by the end of the war

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South Almost WonWhy?

• Better general(s) was/were in the Southbetter
  tactics
  
• Lee faced 5 different generals
• McDowell, McClellan, Burnside, Hooker (Meade),
  Grant
  
• Grant was the only general to take chances and
  didnt mind losing 23,000 troops IN ONE BATTLE
  
• Shermans scorched earth technique MAP
• 60-mile swathburning from Atlanta to Savannah to
  Columbia and to Raleigh
  
• More incentive in the South
• Clear objective
• Mass support

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Why the South Lost

• Industrial base v- Agricultural base
• Turn out more weapons
• Build more supplies
• Logistics
• RailroadsNorthern railroads connected
• Southern states were independent and would not
  supply neighbor states
  
• Sheer numbers war of attrition
• 23 v- 11 states
• 21 million people v- 9 million (1/3rd slaves)
• Offensive v- Defensive War
• If North could overcome differences
• South would have had to maintain a defensive
  status indefinitely

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When the Smoke ClearedApril 9, 1865

• 620,000 DEAD
• 360,000 Union
• 260,000 Confederate
• South was in ruins
• 60-mile wide torch of Georgia and the Carolinas
• Men were left crippled
• Economy had been slave-based and now had no
  slaves
  
• Lincoln assassinatedfavored being kind to the
  South
  
• Those who followed wanted to punish the South
• Corrupt Northern carpet baggers and Southern
  sympathizers (scallywags) led to rise of Ku Klux
  Klan
  
• Idea of punishing an enemy after a war
• WW I and would lead to WW II

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Flight Was Seeing Experimentation

• Thaddeus S.C. Lowe
• Used balloons as observation platform
• Biggest problem
• Had to be filled in one place and moved
• Got caught moving it to battle area
• One had to be shot down by their own forces
• Confederates had one captured when ship towing
  ran aground
  
• Problems to solve
• Lift in the area
• Sustain lift
• Control once flying

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Answer to Question

• Could NC form its own country if it were made
  into a toxic waste dump?
  
• NO14TH Amendment Prevents