Military Operations Other Than War MOOTW

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Military Operations Other Than War(MOOTW)
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That great struggle (the Cold War) is over. The
militant visions of class, nation, and race which
promised utopia and delivered misery have been
defeated and discredited. America is now
threatened less by conquering states than we are
by failing ones. We are menaced less by fleets
and armies than by catastrophic technologies in
the hands of the embittered few. We must defeat
these threats to our nation, allies, and
friends. - US National Security Strategy, Sept
2002
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TODAY
ICELAND
BOSNIA
KOSOVO
NORTH KOREA
IRAQ
SINAI
KUWAIT
CUBA
SAUDI ARABIA
WESTERN SAHARA
HAITI
PANAMA
KENYA
COLOMBIA
RWANDA
UGANDA
PERU
EAST TIMOR
SOUTH AFRICA
Should the US be involved in MOOTW?
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Overview

• World Situation
• Range of Military Operations
• Types of MOOTW
• Planning For MOOTW
• Principles of MOOTW

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World Situation

• Regional instability
• WMD proliferation
• Transnational dangers ethnic/economic
• Dangers to democracy and reform
• Defense budget
• Force structure
• Military operational requirements

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WAR

• Large scale, sustained combat operations to
  achieve national objectives or protect national
  interests, placing the United States in a wartime
  state.
• Focus is on the destruction of the enemys war
  making capabilities

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MOOTW

• A wide range of activities where the military
  instrument of national power is used for purposes
  other than the large-scale combat operations
  usually associated with war
• - Joint Pub 3-07
• Focus is on deterring war and promoting
  peace.

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RANGE OF OPERATIONS
probability
destructiveness
nuclear
conventional
MOOTW
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Why does the US conduct MOOTW?

• Achieve strategic objectives
• Deter war
• Promote peace
• Support civil authorities
• Less costly than war
• Natural part of escalating to and de-escalating
  from war

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Natural Part of War
TIME
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Range of Military Operations
Representative Examples
Large Scale Combat Operations
War
Attack
Defend
Blockades
Peace Enforcement
Counterterrorism
NEO
Support to Counterinsurgency
Military Operations Other Than War
Strikes
Raids
Show of Force
Counterdrug
Peacekeeping
Nation Assistance
Humanitarian Assistance
Domestic Support
Antiterrorism
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Types of MOOTWCombat

• Enforcement of sanctions
• Enforcing exclusion zones
• Protection of shipping
• Strikes/Raids

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Types of MOOTWOverlapping

• Combating Terrorism
• Counterdrug operations
• Ensuring freedom of navigation
• Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)
• Peace operations
• Recovery operations

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Types of MOOTWNonCombat

• Arms control support
• Domestic support operations
• Foreign humanitarian assistance
• Nation assistance
• Show of Force
• Support to insurgency

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Planning for MOOTW

• Rules of Engagements (ROEs)
• Civil Engineering
• Force Protection
• Information Operations
• Intelligence
• Legal Considerations
• Logistics

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Planning for MOOTW

• Medical Operations
• Psychological Operations
• Public Affairs
• Religious Considerations
• Total Force
• Weather Services
• Disengagement/Redeployment
• Termination of Operations

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PRINCIPLES
War
MOOTW

• Objective
• Unity of effort
• Security
• Restraint
• Perseverance
• Legitimacy

• Objective
• Unity of command
• Security
• Offensive
• Mass
• Economy of force
• Maneuver
• Surprise
• Simplicity

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PRINCIPLES
MOOTW

• Objective Unity of effort
• Security Restraint
• Perseverance Legitimacy

• Operation Allied Force 24 Mar 1999 to 3 Jun
  1999
• A NATO bombing response aimed at ensuring the
  Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was in full
  compliance with UN Security Council Resolution
  1199 (23 Sep 98)

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Objective

• Direct every military operation toward a clearly
  defined, decisive, and attainable goal
• Know what constitutes mission success

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Operation Allied ForceNATO Goals

• Ensured a verifiable stop to all military action
  and the immediate ending of violence and
  repression
• Ensured the withdrawal from Kosovo of the
  military, police and paramilitary forces
• Agreed to the stationing in Kosovo of an
  international military presence

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Operation Allied ForceNATO Goals

• Agreed to the unconditional and safe return of
  all refugees and displaced persons and unhindered
  access to them by humanitarian aid organizations
• Provided credible assurance of his willingness to
  work on the basis of the Rambouillet Accords in
  the establishment of a political framework
  agreement for Kosovo in conformity with
  international law and the Charter of the UN

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Unity of Effort

• Ensures all means are directed to a common
  purpose
• Relies on consensus building with NGOs and PVOs

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Operation Allied Force NGOs/PVOs

• Church World Service
• Episcopal Migration Ministries
• Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society
• Iowa Department of Human Services
• International Rescue Committee
• Immigration and Refugee Services of America
• UNICEF Kosovo
• World Relief
• United States Catholic Conference
• Doctors without borders

• Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service
• U.S. Agency for International Development (Kosovo
  aid)
• Doctors of the World
• InterAction
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red
  Crescent Societies
• Catholic Relief Services
• Kosovo Relief
• The Jewish Agency for Israel
• Mercy International
• UNHCR

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Security

• Enhances freedom of action by reducing
  vulnerability to hostile acts, influence, or
  surprise

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Restraint

• Ensures commanders apply appropriate military
  capability prudently
• Excessive force
• damaging to
• mission

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Operation Allied Force

• No ground troops used
• Bombs could not be released on any target unless
  the pilot could confirm the target and be assured
  of no civilian casualties

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Perseverance

• Ensures commanders prepare for measured,
  protracted application of military capability in
  support of strategic aims

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Operation Allied Force

• Multinational Force developed and executed plans
  that enabled forces to continue the mission until
  completion
• Initial Attack 200 pm EST, 24 March 1999
• Bombing Campaign halted 1050 am EST, 20 Jun
  1999

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Legitimacy

• A condition based on the perception by a specific
  audience of the legality, morality, or rightness
  of a set of actions

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Operation Allied Force

• All 19 NATO countries supported the Air strikes
• Allied Air Contributions included
• 277 total aircraft
• 192 fighter/bombers
• 63 support
• 19 recon
• 3 helicopters

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Summary

• World Situation
• Range of Military Operations
• Types of MOOTW
• Planning For MOOTW
• Principles of MOOTW

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TOMORROW?
YEMEN
ZIMBABWE
Where will you be?