Introduction to Data and Process Modeling

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Chapter 1

• Introduction to Data and Process Modeling

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Communication

• www.ou.edu/class/aschwarz
• Syllabus Assignments
• Lecture slides
• E-mail please get me current e-mail addresses

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The 21st Century Environment

• Highly-Competitive Global Economy
• Areas of Competition
• Cost (Near-Perfect Information)
• Customer Service, Rapid Response
• Quality, Performance, Reliability
• White-Collar Productivity/Cost Goals

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IS Mission-Critical Roles

• Reduce Cost - substitute IS for
• Labor
• Materials
• Increase Output
• Productivity Tool
• An End Product

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IS Component Model
Data Sources
Input
Data Storage
Processing
Environment
System Boundary
Data Sinks
Output
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IS Content Model
Data
Process
Information System
Infrastructure
Organization
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Information System Creation

• Requested by a client
• Created by people often working in teams
• Requires specialized skills and knowledge in
  design, technologies, management and the
  organization
• Often complex and difficult

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Structure vs Flexibility

• Pros of structure more consistent results, lower
  skill requirements, lower stress
• Cons of structure unnecessary work, slower, may
  misdirect focus - i.e., less flexibility

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Adding Structure

• Methodologies--multi-step approaches to
  development -- SDLC
• Techniques--processes to produce deliverables --
  DFDs, ERDs,
• Tools--computer programs to implement techniques
  -- SQL for relational databases

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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Text Version
Systems Planning and Selection
R E V I E W
Systems Analysis
Systems Design
Implementation Operation
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Zachman Framework
Network or
Data Processes Technology
Lists of entities important to the business
Overview of technology architecture.
Lists of functions that the business
performs. (BPM)
Ballpark (Business Scope)
Enterprise communication diagram
Functional Hierarchy Diagram
Owner (Business Model)
E-R Diagrams (Entity Level)
E-R Diagrams (Attribute Level)
Distribution Diagram
Designer (IS Model)
Dataflow Diagrams
Database Design
Configuration Design
Process Specifications
Builder (Technology Model)
Schema and Sub-schema Definition
Detailed (Technology Specification)
Configuration Definition
Program Code
Working Application
Installed Infrastructure
Functional System
Physical Tables
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Rapid Development

• The RD Model
• Start with the SDLC
• Reduce Effort Elapsed Time
• Tailor steps to the Project
• Do only what is agreed upon to Meet Client Needs
• Problem - less structure

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I. Systems Planning and Selection

• Project identified or assigned
• Create a Plan
• Traditional - SDLC
• Modern - Rapid Development

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II. System Analysis

• Learn about the Current Situation
• Analysis and Models
• Current Situation Narrative
• Graphical Data Models - Enterprise and Conceptual
  Data Models
• Process Models - DFDs
• Alternatives and Evaluation

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III. Systems Design

• Determine and Specify Requirements - narrative,
  data schema, process model
• Create the operational model
• Relational tables - SQL DDLs
• Process Code - VB, SQL DML, etc.
• Test

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IV. Implementation

• Implementation Strategy - parallel, etc
• Schedule
• Training
• Organization
• Audit

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Exercise

• Design the retail management system for a
  Wal-Mart Store
• What are the data?
• What are the processes?
• How would you design
• How would you implement