Hubble Deep Field

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Hubble Deep Field

• Daniel Hazard

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Background

• The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) is a composite
  picture of 342 different images.
• The HDF covers an area of 144 arc seconds.
• Taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) over a
  period of 10 consecutive days in December of
  1995.
• Taken by the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2.
• Total exposure time was more than 100 hours.

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the telescope and its origins

• Astronomer Lyman Spitzer calls for space-based
  observatory in 1946 designing of HST begun in
  1978 launched in 1990.
• NASA and ESA funded, NASA built.
• Named after astronomer Edwin Hubble.
• Total costs to date have been estimated to be
  close to 14,000,000,000.
• May be replaced by James Webb Space Telescope in
  2013.

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Selecting the HDF

• HDF is but a tiny, tiny portion of the sky seen
  in the Northern Hemisphere more specifically a
  small section which lies within the Ursa Major
  constellation.
• Field was selected by the following criteria
• Needed to be outside of the Milky Ways disk of
  dust
• Could not contain very bright objects or anything
  that emitted too much infrared, x-ray, or UV
• In addition, field could never be occulted by the
  Earth or Moon.

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HDF within the sky
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Describing the HDF

• As a result of the fields size, it is thought to
  display less than 10 stars from our galaxy.
• Most of the objects seen are distant
  galaxies--nearly 3,000 of them.
• There are also a number of bluish objects and
  regions. They might be
• Regions of intense star formation
• Faint quasars
• White dwarfs

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Initial implications of HDF

• HDF looks into space, and, in effect, back in
  time
• Large number of galaxies with unforeseen redshift
  values prior to the HDF no galaxies with a
  redshift value higher than 1
• Helped in debate over the missing mass of the
  universe. Prior to the HDF there were theories of
  faint yet massive objects in the outer regions of
  galaxies such as red dwarves and planets making
  up this missing, non visible mass. The HDF proved
  that this wasnt the case, as these proposed
  faint objects did not exist. Thus, the mass must
  exist in other non visible forms such as dark
  matter and dark energy.

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A second HDF

• Named Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S) very
  similar to original HDF, now named Hubble Deep
  Field North (HDF-North).
• Same criteria, only now in Southern Hemisphere,
  within the Tucana constellation.
• Taken over in 1998 over 10 days.

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Content of HDF-S

• Remarkably similar to HDF-N.
• One major difference is the existence of a known
  quasar.

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Implications of HDF-S

• In general, HDF-S confirmed many findings of
  HDF-N.
• Evidence for cosmological principle correlations
  between HDF-N and HDF-S help support the idea
  that the universe is homogenous and isotropic.

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one more image

• Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) is appropriately
  titled taken over a period of several months in
  2003 and 2004, the HUDF is the deepest image ever
  taken in visible light.
• Taken within the constellation of Fornax
• Also looks back into time 13 billion years
• Evidence for Big Bang, and finite age of universe
• Contains perhaps as many as 10,000 galaxies

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Works Cited

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Deep_Field
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescop
  e
• http//oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/97/hdf-key-fin
  dings.html