Protecting ICT Systems

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Protecting ICT Systems
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Internal external threats

• Data programs are vulnerable to both deliberate
  and accidental damage, ranging from
• A floppy disk which becomes unusable
• To hackers stealing millions from a major
  organisation
• Internal threats
• Hardware failure
• Faulty procedures
• Natural disasters
• Remote systems or laptops may be lost or not
  properly operated in terms of back-ups and
  regular maintenance
• Dishonest employees
• External threats
• Hackers
• Viruses

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Measures to protect systems

• Physical restrictions
• Login procedures UserID and passwords
• Levels of access
• Audit software
• Encryption

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Types of backup

• Online backup
• Often simultaneous update of 3 systems one
  remote from the other 2
• Periodic backups
• Daily stored off-site in a fireproof safe
• Possible now to back up to internet providers
• Backup of laptop data
• Protects business in the event of loss or failure
  of machine

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Other measures

• Virus checkers
• Regular update of virus template is required to
  combat new viruses
• Responsible companies do not allow downloads from
  internet or execution of attachments to e-mail
• Careful vetting of staff
• Comprehensive staff training
• Considered siting of computer equipment to avoid
  basic disasters like flooding

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Internet access issues

• Internet contains much unsuitable material
• Schools must guard against
• Pupils accessing pornographic materials
• Participation in chat rooms where pupils may be
  exposed to undesirable strangers
• Business may want to control use of e-mail
• Some organisations achieve this by installing and
  maintaining their own intranet (private internet)
• They have a firewall to prevent unsuitable
  material being downloaded
• This consists of a proxy server with special
  hardware and software to maintain security.