Exercise Science Subdisciplines

1
Exercise Science Subdisciplines

• Chapters 9, 10, and 15

2
Sports Nutrition

• Concerned with applying nutritional principles to
  sports
• Deals mainly with
• How nutrition affects exercise performance at all
  levels
• How nutrition affects physical performance
• The effects of ergogenic aids on nutrition and
  physical performance

3
Metabolic aspects of exercise
Nutrition for the athlete
Weight issues
Special needs of athletes
4
Proper nutrition and exercise

• It is the responsibility of all fitness
  professionals to understand what constitutes
  optimal nutrition for fitness and athletics
• Daily nutritional practices are the more critical
  factor
• No amount of dietary manipulation the day of
  and/or the day before competition can make up for
  otherwise poor nutritional habits

5
Carbohydrates Fuel for the body

• Several important facts about CHO as a fuel for
  exercise
• Preferred fuel source by the body
• The higher the intensity of exercise, the more
  important glycogen is as a fuel
• The body can only store limited amounts of CHO
  training increases ability to store/spare
• Fat metabolism is linked to CHO metabolism

6
Fats You do need them

• Between 20 and 30 of your total calories should
  be from fat
• 2000 kcal/day diet ? 400-600 kcal of this as fat
  45-67 g/fat/day
• Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated

7
Protein More than just muscle

• The RDA of protein for US adults is
• 0.8 g per kg for average male and female
• 1.0-1.4 g/kg/day for endurance team sport
  athletes
• 1.4-1.7 g/kg/day for strength athletes
• Beneficial in which the primary goal is a large
  increase in muscle mass
• Additional protein may be beneficial to ensure
  repair of any damaged muscle fiber
• Minimal evidence that a.a. supplementation in
  excess will enhance muscle hypertrophy or
  strength attainment
• Increased protein might benefit ultra-endurance
  training and recovery from exercise

8
Vitamins Minerals The micronutrients

• Do not provide energy, but are involved in
  energy-producing reactions.
• Major minerals (calcium, chlorine, magnesium,
  phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur)
  fluid ingestion during exercise
• Five trace minerals (zinc, chromium, copper,
  selenium, and iron)
• Consumption of real foods is the best way to
  obtain (most absorptive)
• There is no evidence that vitamin and mineral
  supplementation improves exercise or athletic
  performance, speeds up recovery, decreases
  injuries

9
Additional information

• Hydration Drink before you are thirsty
• Hypohydrated
• Water intoxication/hyponatremia
• Weight loss and Athletic performance
• Ergogenic Aids
• Creatine
• Caffeine
• BCAAs

10
Physical Activity Epidemiology

• Involves the specific investigation of the
  relationship between PA and exercise and various
  diseases and conditions in a population.
• Newest subdiscipline has earned national
  recognition
• PIa is a major risk factor for a number of
  chronic diseases

11
How is Epidemiology Used?

• Fourfold fashion
• 1. establish cause (i.e. environment
• or genetics)
• 2. trace the history of a disease
• 3. describe the health status of a population
  to determine the total burden of disease
• 4. evaluate the success or failure of an
  intervention

12
Advances in PA Epidemiology

• PA and Health A Report of the Surgeon General
  (1996)
• The prevalence of sedentary behavior in the US
• ACSM/CDC Position Stands

13
How much PA is enough?

• Needs to be clarified and specified in order to
  prescribe appropriate amount for physical health
  benefits
• Need to identify variations in dose-response
  relationships between different populations

14
Exercise and Sport Psychology

• Study of human behavior, both in individual and
  group contexts, in exercise- and sport-related
  environments.
• 2 primary concerns
• How do exercise and sport affect ones
  psychological makeup?
• How can the principles of psychology be used to
  improve exercise and sport performance?

15
Exercise and Sport Psychology

• Activities
• Teaching
• Research
• Consulting
• Areas of Study
• Exercise and mood state
• Exercise Adherence
• Personality and sport performance