Alternative Design Models

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Alternative Design Models
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Or, Everything you wanted to know about
alternative design processes but were afraid to
ask
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What are we going to be chatting about?

• A few factors currently impacting ID
• Need for alternative paradigms
• Rapid ISD (RISD)
• Rapid Prototyping (RP)
• Concurrent Engineering (CE)
• Conclusions/questions/comments

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(No Transcript)
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ID definedADDIE A generic ID model

• A - Analysis
• D - Design
• D - Development
• I - Implementation
• E - Evaluation

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A classic ID model(at least in the U.S.)
Dick and Carey
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A few factors currently impacting ID

• New learning theories
• Learner-centered design
• Authentic assessment
• Development delivery tools technology
• Need-respond to rapidly changing conditions
• Accountability and ROI

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Need for alternatives

• Faster
• Cheaper
• Not necessarily as good or better
• Scarce SMEs (subject matter experts)
• Integrated user support

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Alternativedevelopment paradigms
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Random activity (NOT recommended)
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Also not recommended
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Three alternative Paradigms

• Rapid ISD (RISD)
• Rapid Prototyping
• Concurrent Engineering

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RISD A non-balancing act
Design
Delivery
Which will you emphasize?
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Selected RISD methods

• Find and use existing data
• Use existing materials
• Brain dump one SME
• Produce a lean version and evolve it
• Support early offerings with more staff
• Incorporate performance support OTJ

From Thiagi
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To implement RISD

• Consider other alternatives
• Find good tools
• Use templates
• Decide what parts can be shortened
• Communicate plan to team
• Monitor the process

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Rapid ISD cautions

• Quality may suffer, but be acceptable
• Negotiate w/ client in advance
• Agree on how results will be evaluated
• Analyze the short term risks/benefits
• Analyze long-term risks/benefits

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Rapid Prototyping
Ready - Fire - Aim
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Why Rapid Prototyping?

• Clarify Needs
• Enhance creativity
• Reduce errors in final product
• Increase usability
• Increase customer acceptance

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Risks of Rapid Prototyping

• Method not understood by client/developers
• Endless revision
• Premature release
• Goal/feature creep
• Demands on SME
• Project management requirements different

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Concurrent Engineering
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Why Concurrent Engineering?
Avoid over the wall design problems Enhance
creativity Avoid incompatibilities between
product or process and training Increase
usability Increase customer acceptance
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When Concurrent Engineering?

• Outside the box thinking desired
• Deliver product and training simultaneously
• For onboard help systems
• For EPSS design/development

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Interdisciplinary Team

• Product/process designer
• Product/process manufacturer
• Sales/marketing/implementing
• Clients/users
• Maintainers
• Training developers

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So what are the implications of alternative
paradigms for practitioners?
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Classic developer
RISD developer
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Concurrent engineer
Rapid prototyper
Mix and Match the paradigms
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Conclusions

• ID Process becoming more complex
• ID Process becoming more varied
• Many factors driving change
• And therefore .........

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The future of ID will lookvery different from
the past!
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Selected References
Connell, J. Shafer, L. (1989). Structured
rapid prototyping An evolutionary approach to
software development, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Yourdan Press. Hartley, J. (1992). Concurrent
engineeringshortening lead times, raising
quality, and lowering costs. Cambridge, MA
Productivity Press. Luca, J. (1997). Project
Management for New Media. Perth, Australia New
Media Management Pty Ltd. Thiagarajan, S.
(n.d.) Rapid instructional design. Available
at website lthttp//www.thiagi.com/articles.html
gt. Visscher, I., Gustafson, K., Plomp, T.
(1999). Educational development An overview of
designs. In J van den Akker, T. Plomp N.
Nieveen (Eds.), Design methodology and
development research in education and training.
Amsterdam Klewer.
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