Psychoanalysis Dissenters and Humanism

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Psychoanalysis Dissenters and Humanism
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Psychoanalysis in Reflection

• Early on, Freud had dissenters.
• Today most psychologists would not relate sexual
  ideas to personality.
• What they do assume, is that much of our mental
  life is unconscious and that childhood has a
  profound impact on our personalities and that
  people do often struggle with inner conflicts.

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Two Dissenters

• Alfred Adler had a great first name, also
  veered from Freud and focused more on the social
  than the sexual.
• Developed the idea of an inferiority complex,
  much of our behavior is used to overcome
  childhood feelings of inferiority, which triggers
  a desire for power and superiority.

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Carl Jung The Collective Unconscious

• Collective unconscious part of the mind that
  contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories
  common to all people (ex. David Goliath)
• Collective unconscious contains all beliefs
  shared by human race.
• Archetypes what he called the inherited
  universal ideas.
• Challenges unconscious concept by saying humans
  controlled by beliefs we inherit.

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Jungs Research

• Identified archetypes by studying dreams and
  visions, paintings, poetry, folk stories, myths,
  and religions.
• Argues that many stories are universally found in
  multiple religions, stories, myths, etc.
• Personal unconscious and collective unconscious
  combine to shape our personality.

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Humanism
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Maslow - a Hierarchy of Needs

• Maslow has a theory of motivation based on needs
  that people have. He arranged them in order of
  importance that is, he believes you must fulfill
  the lower needs before achieving a higher one. If
  you achieve something near the top first,
  happiness will not last but if you climb up the
  pyramid of needs, you will achieve great
  satisfaction with life.

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http//www.mtholyoke.edu/mlyount/MySites/Pictures
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Self-Actualization

• Sometimes referred to as the highest level,
  self-actualization is when you have satisfied all
  of these other requirements and bring them all
  together to figure out who you are, knowing that
  you have strong beliefs, values, morals, and
  confidence. Finally, there is the peak
  experience.

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Carl Rogers

• Concerned with the path to self-actualization (he
  called it being fully functioning)
• He believed the core conflict in our personality
  was between
• What we believe about ourselves.
• What we think others believe about us.

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How do we resolve this tension?

• What we need is positive regard (viewing oneself
  positively because of positive feedback from
  others).
• If we do not get that, we develop conditions of
  worth (the conditions one must meet in order to
  see themselves positively).
• Someone with many conditions of worth will be
  considered very defensive.

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So How do you cure this?

• The person must find people who treat them with
  unconditional positive regard (love/encourage
  them no matter what).
• The person will then accept themselves, be open
  to all of their feelings, and become fully
  functioning.