Industries and Occupations

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Industries and Occupations
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Industry

• From Standard Industrial Code to North American
  Industry Classification System (1997)

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• NAICS
• Agriculture, forestry
• Mining
• Construction
• Manufacturing
• Wholesale trade
• Retail trade
• Public sector

• Standard Industrial Code
• Agriculture, forestry
• Mining
• Construction
• Manufacturing
• Wholesale trade
• Retail trade
• Public sector

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• Transportation, comm. utilities
• Finance, insurance, real estate
• Services

• Transportation and warehousing
• Utilities
• Information
• Finance and insurance
• Real estate
• Professional, scientific,services
• Management services
• Administrative and support services
• Educational services
• Health care and social services
• Art, entertainment, and recreation
• Accommodation and food services
• Other services

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Workplaces

• Establishment
• Employing organization
• Government (federal, state, local, other)
• Not for profits
• Franchises

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• In the United States, most workers in private
  enterprise work for small businesses (57.4
  million compared to 56 million in large firms.
  Smaller firms with fewer than 100 employees
  employed 41.0 million.) U.S. Census 2005.
• Small businesses

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Occupations

• Occupation
• White collar vs. blue collar occupations
• Blue collar manual labor people who worked
  with their hands in extractive industries,
  construction, and factories.

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Dictionary of Occupational Titles

• Replaced by ONET system and SOC (Standard
  Occupational Classification) System in 1999.
• Updated in 2003
• Information on 950 occupations (ONET), 821 SOC
  system

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Occupational Classification Schemes

• Dictionary of Occupational Titles
• ONET classification based on skills
• Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC)
  system

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Standard Occupational Classification
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Principles of Classification

• Covers all occupations performed for pay or
  profit and work in family operations. Does not
  include work of volunteers.

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• Supervisors who spend at least 20 of time
  performing work similar to occupations supervised
  are classified with occupations they supervise.

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Occupational Prestige

• Overall respect with which an occupation held
• Flexibility and responsibility assoc. with
  occupation

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21-000 Community and Social Services Occupations

• 21-1023 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social
  Workers
• Assess and treat individuals with mental,
  emotional, or substance abuse problems, including
  abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs.
  Activities may include individual and group
  therapy, crisis intervention,case management,
  client advocacy, prevention, and education.

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• 21-1092 Probation Officers and Correctional
  Treatment Specialists
• Provide social services to assist in
  rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on
  probation or parole.Make recommendations for
  actions involving formulation of rehabilitation
  plan and treatment of offender,including
  conditional release and education and employment
  stipulations.

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11-0000 Management Occupations

• 11-9151 Social and Community Service Managers
• Plan, organize, or coordinate the activities of
  a social service program or community outreach
  organization.Oversee the program or
  organization's budget and policies regarding
  participant involvement, program requirements,
  and benefits. Work may involve directing social
  workers, counselors, or probation officers.

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13-000 Business and Financial Operations
Occupations

• 13-1072 Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis
  Specialists
• Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and
  job analysis for employer. May specialize in
  specificareas, such as position classification
  and pension programs.

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Sectoral Transformation of the Labor Force

• Jobs in hunting and gathering societies
• Forever up to 2,000 BC
• Transformation to a industrial economy 1920-1980
• Transformation to service economy

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Percent of non-farm, private sector employment
in industrial sectors
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Service Occupations

• Huge and rapidly growing occupational group

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Characteristics

• Low productivity (?)
• Insatiable demand

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Kinds of Services

• Business or Producer Services
• Personal Services
• Retail Services

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Changes in Service Occupations

• Emotional care
• Compensation

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Reasons for the shift from manufacturing to
services

• Movement from unpaid services (child care) to
  paid provision of services

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• Response to more disposable income