Structure of Flowering Plants

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Structure of Flowering Plants

• Chapter 30

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Quiz

• What are the two most basic divisions among all
  plants?
• Within seed plants, what are the two main types?
• There are three main tissue systems in vascular
  plants. Name two of them.
• Several chemicals were given in your text as
  being used in plant defense responses. Name one
  of them.

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Chapter Overview

• Basic Plant Structure
• Overview of Three Plant Tissue Systems
• Differences Between Monocots and Dicots
• Structural Details of Roots, Stems, and Leaves
• Plant Defense Responses

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Basic Plant Structure

• Shoot
• Stems
• Flowers
• Leaves
• Root

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Supporting the Shoot

• Cell Walls (see figure 30-2)
• primary (all)
• secondary (some)
• Vacuoles/Turgor Pressure
• herbaceous plants

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Three Tissue Systems of Flowering Plants

• Dermal
• Ground
• Vascular

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Development of Tissue Systems

• Meristems
• apical (primary growth)
• lateral (secondary growth)

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Dermal Tissue System

• Epidermis (Complex Tissue)
• has cuticle
• may be modified to produce
• guard cells
• glands
• trichome
• other specialized cells

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Ground Tissue System

• Parenchyma (30-3a)
• thin walled
• no secondary wall
• often full of starch
• Collenchyma (30-3b)
• thick primary wall
• lignin in secondary cell wall
• Sclerenchyma (30-3cd)
• fibers
• sclereids

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The Vascular System

• Xylem Function
• Xylem Cell Types
• conducting cells
• tracheary elements (30-4)
• vessel elements (30-6)
• non-conducting cells
• parenchyma
• fibers
• others

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The Vascular System

• Phloem
• sieve tubes composed of sieve tube members
• cells are living, but lack nucleus, ribosomes,
  vacuole
• sieve plates on ends develop from plasmodemata
• Companion Cells

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Differences Between Monocots and Dicots

• See Figure 30-8

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Root Structure

• Epidermis
• mucigel secreted
• Cortex
• Endodermis with Casparian Strip
• Stele

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Stems

• Functions?
• Structure
• epidermis lacks root hairs
• epidermis covered with thick cuticle
• no endodermis

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Leaves

• Functions?
• Structure
• Blades, Petioles, Nodes, and Internodes
• Arranged in alternate, opposite, and whorled
  patterns (See Figure 30-11)

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Mechanical Plant Defenses

• Mechanical Defenses
• waxy cuticle (bacteria and fungi)
• trichomes
• spines, thorns, and prickles
• others

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Chemical Plant Defenses

• Terpenes
• lipids which act as herbivore repellents
• secreted from glandular hairs of epidermis
• examples are peppermint, lemon, basil, saponins,
  and gossypol
• Phenolics
• aromatic substances (have flat carbon ring)
• examples are lignin, tannins, anthocyanins
• Alkaloids
• have a ring structure containing nitrogen
• nicotine, cocaine, morphine, strychnine