PowerPointPrsentation

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Are there limits for adaptation?
Clean Development Mechanism in Municipal Solid
Waste
Sunil Thakur
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Kyoto Protocol and CDM

• Signed in 1997 in force since 16 February 2005
• Legally binding program to reduce greenhouse
  gases
• Commits industrialised countries to reduce their
  greenhouse gas emissions by, on average of 5.2
  below 1990 levels in 2008-12
• Individual, quantified emission targets for each
  industrialized country
• Six greenhouse gases covered Carbon dioxide,
  Methane, Nitrous oxide, Sulfur hexafluoride,
  Hydro-fluoro carbon (HFCs), and Per-fluoro
  carbons (PFCs)
• Flexibility mechanisms for financing emission
  reductions abroad
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Joint Implementation (JI)
• International Emissions Trading
• US have not ratified EU, China, India, Brazil
  are Parties (Total 183 Parties)

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About CDM
Clean development mechanism (CDM) is an outcome
of Kyoto Protocol, which came into force from
February 16, 2005.

• Purpose
• CDM is a mechanism established under Article 12
  of Kyoto Protocol as project based emission
  reduction activity in developing countries. The
  purpose of CDM is to assist Parties not included
  in Annex-I in achieving sustainable development
  by promoting environmentally friendly investment
  and contributing the objective of the convention
  and to assist developed country parties included
  in Annex-I in achieving compliance with their
  quantified limitation and reduction commitments.
• CDM allow Annex-I (industrialized) countries to
  meet their emission reduction targets by paying
  for green house gas (GHG) emission reduction in
  non-Annex-I (developing) countries.

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Green House Gas (GHG) Global Warming Potential
(GWP) Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) 1
Methane (CH4) 21 Nitrous oxide
(N2O) 310 Per fluoro carbon (PFCs)
560-9200 Hydro fluoro carbon (HFCs) 140
11700 Sulphur hexa fluoride (SF6) Above
10,000
Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Major GHGs
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Indias GHG Emissions
Methane is the second largest GHG generated by
India
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Indian CH4 Emissions (Gg)
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"Municipal Solid Waste" includes commercial and
residential wastes generated in a municipal or
notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form
excluding industrial hazardous wastes but
including treated bio-medical wastes.
Definition as per MoEF Notification dated 25th
Sept 2000
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Present MSW Management Practices

• Solid waste from
• Residential areas
• Hotels
• Hospitals
• Parks
• Markets
• Slaughter houses

Collection System
Transportation System
Land filling in low lying areas
Composting / Biomethanation
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MSW Landfills in India
Stray animals, Birds, Rodents etc
CH4 Emissions
Ground Level
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MSW components for CDM

• Organic waste (Food, Park and Garden waste)
• (a) Avoidance of methane generation by
  proper composting practices
• (b) Capturing the methane generated and
  utilizing it in energy
• generating
• Combustible waste (Paper, Textiles, wood, Straw
  waste and Plastics)
• (a) Producing RDF and utilizing it as fuel
  in place of coal

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CH4 Generation Potential of Waste
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Methane emission (Gg yr-1) (MSWT x MSWF) x MCF
x DOC x DOCF x F x (16/12 R) x (1 OX) Where
1 Gg yr-1 1000 tonnes yr-1 MSWT Total
municipal solid waste (MSW) generated (Gg yr-1)
MSWF Fraction of MSW disposed of at the
disposal sites MCF Methane correction factor
(fraction) DOC Degradable organic carbon
(fraction) DOCF Fraction DOC dissimilated F
Fraction of methane in LFG (default is 0.5) R
Recovered methane (Gg yr-1) OX Oxidation
factor (default is 0) MSWT, MSWF, and DOC
estimated by NEERI for Indian condition
Remaining factors as per IPCC guidelines
IPCC methodology for estimation of CH4 from a
landfill
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Status of MSW CDM projects in India
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Composition of MSW in Jammu
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MSW generated in Jammu City
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Case Study
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Case Study
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Case Study
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Thanks for your attention Sunil Thakur CDM
Technical Expert GTZ,CCM Unit, S-35, First Floor,
Panchsheel Park New Delhi - 110017.
India Tel/Fax [phone] E-mail
sunil_at_cdmindia.com.   website www.gtz.de,
www.cdmindia.com Also visit http//cdmindia.nic.i
n