PARTICIPATORY DESIGN

1
PARTICIPATORY DESIGN
3.1
2
WHY PARTICIPATORY DESIGN?

• To understand and agree priorities and make the
  best design for the system accordingly
• To tap into long-time farmers knowledge on
  floods, slope of the land, sedimentation, etc..
• Because it is (and will remain) the farmers
  system after all

3
Participatory Design Two Stages

• Agree on the priorities what are the main
  issues and priorities in the area, how should the
  system be improved
• Agree on the specific designs what structures,
  where and what design

4
STEPS
Set up farmers representative group, like a
Farmers Design Committee
Discuss specific issues and problems and set and
rank priorities
AGREE ON PRIORITIES
Walk through survey
Evalution of priorities and common agreement on
design concept
Design meeting agree on scope of works
Agree on cost sharing
AGREE ON DESIGN
Detailed designs
Work agreement and initiation of the physical
works
5
STEP 1SET UP A REPRESENTATIVE GROUP
6
Discussion on the design should not be a loose
discussion with the farmers
Participatory design is the negotiation with a
representative and mandated group, such as a
Farmers Design Committee
7
Local Steering Committee, Sheeb (Eritrea) All
project decisions including design and timing
discussed and agreed between project staff and
traditionally elected farmer leaders
Project Director
Traditional Farmer Leaders
Project Staff
8
STEP 2SYSTEMATICALLY DISCUSS PROBLEMS AND
PRIORITIES
9
(No Transcript)
10
It is important to understand and come to terms
with farmers priorities

• Farmers may have a different risk assessment than
  engineers
• If the river changes course they may be able to
  catch it
• They may be keen to capture all flood water and
  be willing to except some erosion

In many cases scour sluices are closed so as not
to loose any water even if it causes sedimentation
of canal bed or river
11
It is important to understand and come to terms
with farmers priorities

• Farmers may have a different appreciation of the
  value of sediment then engineers for instance
• They may want to exclude only the very coarse
  sediment or sediment from certain parts of the
  catchment, but otherwise appreciate its
  fertilizing value

Childrens drawing showing great concern that
sedimentation pond in modernized system in Wadi
Laba is intercepting all nutrients
12
STEP 3JOINT WALK THROUGH SURVEYS TO ASSESS FIELD
SITUATION
13
Systematically walk the entire system
JOINT WALK THROUGH SURVEYS
14
Discussion and explanation
Pinpoint what needs to be done
Engineer taking notes
JOINT WALK THROUGH SURVEYS
15
STEP 4COMMON AGREEMENT ON PRIORITIES AND SCOPE
OF WORK
16
USE PAPER, DRAWINGS, MODELS INVOLVE FARMERS
DESIGN GROUP OR ANY AUTHORIZED GROUP
17
(No Transcript)
18
STEP 5DESIGN MEETINGS
19
Understanding and consensus required of the
larger group
20
Agreement should come after - not
before discussion
21
Proposed design Gated Flood Channel Intake
Example
22
Final construction Ungated Intake
No gate provided
Because farmers do not want the Irrigation
Agency (TDA) to control their intake
23
STEP 6AGREEMENT ON COST SHARING
24
WHY COST SHARING? PARTNERSHIP PRINCIPLE TO
AVOID WISH LISTS AND INSTEAD HAVE REALISTIC
SCOPE OF WORKS REQUIRES FARMERS TO BE
INTERNALLY ORGANIZED
25
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COST SHARING IN CASH
MONEY BY PROVIDING LAND BY PROVIDING LABOUR BY
DOING PART OF THE WORK
26
Agreement on cost sharing
27
Agreement on cost sharing
28
STEP 7 AND 8AGREEMENT ON DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION
29
MAKE SURE FARMERS CONTRIBUTION ORGANIZED THROUGH
FARMERS GIVE FARMERS COMMITTEE ROLE IN
ASSESSING EVEN SUPERVISING OVERALL WORKS
30
FINAL POINT
31
ALTERNATIVE TO PARTICIPATORY DESIGN IS FARMERS
MAKING THEIR OWN DECISIONS AND DESIGNS
FARMERS ARE QUITE CAPABLE OF SUBSTANTIAL CIVIL
WORKS
THIS DROP STRUCTURE IN WADI ZABID FOR EXAMPLE HAS
BEEN CONSTRUCTED BY FARMERS THEMSELVES
32
(No Transcript)