The Progressive Movement 1890-1919

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The Progressive Movement1890-1919
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Muckrakers
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Muckrakers

• Muckrakers Journalist who exposed social
  injustice/conditions and political corruption
• Ida Tarbell attacked Standard Oil
• Lincoln Steffens political bosses
• Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives
• Many were published in magazines such as
  McClures and Collliers

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Progressivism

• Period of movements to fix problems of American
  Society
• Reaction to Laissez-Faire, unregulated American
  capitalism
• Government had to be fixed before it could solve
  societal problems
• Faith in science and technology

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Galveston, Texas Hurricane

• September 1900 Major Hurricane hits city of
  Galveston
• Political Machines unable to respond to disaster
• Business people propose commission system run by
  them
• Success convinces reformers that commission
  system is the best way to go

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Efficient Government

• Apply scientific management to the govt.
• Frederick Taylor, The Principles of Scientific
  Management, companies become more efficient by
  managing time and breaking tasks into small
  parts, use standardized tools
• How related to government?
• Commission plan govt. is several departments,
  city manager hires specialists, experts to run
  each department

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Wisconsin Laboratory of Democracy

• Robert La Follette governor, attacked the way
  parties used conventions
• Each party holds a direct primary party members
  vote for a candidate to run in general election
• Initiative citizens introduce legislation and
  required legislature to vote on it
• Referendum proposed legislation to be submitted
  to voters
• Recall allowed voters to demand a special
  election to remove an elected official from office

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Suffragette Movement

• Suffrage is the right to vote
• Suffragettes suffered from false accusations in
  the beginning
• 1890 National American Woman Suffrage Movement
  founded not successful until 1910 why?
• Alice Paul use protests to force President
  Wilson to act, seen as too radical
• Carrie Chapman Catt 1915 Winning Plan used
  politics to convince men to give them suffrage
• 19th Amendment 1920 it passed, bill failed in
  1918 Senate, two anti-suffrage senators lost in
  1920 election

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CHILD LABOR LAWS

• 1904 National Child Labor Committee
• The Bitter Cry of the Children John Spango
  breaker boys
• Compulsory education worked towards decreasing
  labor
• Maximum hours
• More women went to work

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire/ Health and Safety Codes

• March 26, 1911 Triangle Fire
• Injuries at jobs were common, progressives pushed
  for workers compensation
• Building codes, fire codes also created
• Health codes for restaurants, lodging

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Prohibition Movement

• Progressives saw alcohol as evil
• Temperance movement moderation
• 1874 Womens Christian Temperance Union ¼
  million people

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Progressives Take On Big Business

• in hands of two few people, giant companies
  were dominant
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 break up big
  companies
• Interstate Commerce Commission 1887 govt.
  agency created to regulate big business
• Some wanted socialism govt. own and operates
  big industry for people
• Eugene Debs 1912 As Socialist won a million
  votes

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Teddy Roosevelt in Office

• Why was he seen as reviving the presidency?
• Square Deal

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Social Services Under Teddy

• Samuel Hopkins Adams Colliers exposed
  medicinal claims
• Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
• Upton Sinclair The Jungle, Dr. W.H. Wiley,
  embalmed meat
• Meat Inspection Act

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Conservation

• 1902 Newlands Reclamation Act
• Gifford Pinchot US Forest Service
• Quadrupled sizes of national forests
• Created 5 new National Forests
• Remembered most clearly for this

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I Dont Like Politics Pres. Taft

• 1908 with Teddys support Taft wins election
• Taft did not enjoy the limelight
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff cut tariffs only slightly,
  not a progressive ideal
• Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy Richard Ballinger
  was named Secretary of Interior, Pinchot leaked
  information and was fired for insubordination
• Childrens Bureau investigated child labor
• Mann-Elkins Act 1910 increased regulatory
  powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission

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Election of 1912

• Republican Party split Roosevelt did not think
  that Taft was progressive
• Roosevelt created the Progressive Party
  nickname Bull Moose
• The real election was between Bull Moose and
  Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson

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Roosevelt vs. Wilson

• Roosevelt New Nationalism proposed more
  powerful federal government
• Protected women and children in labor
• Federal trade commission
• Wilson New Freedom monopolies needed to be
  destroyed, government power should be limited

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Wilson and the Economy

• Tariff System Underwood Tariff 1913 reduced
  tariffs why would Wilson want this?
• Income tax was included in this tariff 16th
  Amendment 1913
• Federal Reserve System established sets
  interest rates that they charge other banks
  controls money circulation passed 1913
• Anti-Trust 1914 Federal Trade Commission
  established monitor trade, unfair trade
  practices, not designed to break big business
• Clayton Antitrust Act congress passed to
  prevent price discrimination, approved unions
  Magna Carta

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Social Welfare

• Keating-Owen Child Labor Act children cannot
  work under the age of 14 interstate commerce
• Adamson Act 8 hour workday for railroad workers
• Federal Farm Loan Act created 12 Federal Land
  Banks, long term loans at low interest rates