By: Karl Wedemyer

1
U.S. Agricultural Policy and Its Impact

• By Karl Wedemyer
• Ashley Meyer
• Ryan Langenkamp
• Emily Klein

2
Current Ag Policy

• By Karl Wedemyer

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Important to Everyone

• Ag policy effects everyone lives because of the
  economic effects of agricultural on everyone
• Meets basic needs of life

4
Current Farm Bill

• Was enacted in 2002
• Called Farm Security and Rural Investment Act
• Contains ten parts addressing different areas of
  agricultural

5
Commodity Markets

• The most important part of the farm bill
• Directly effects farmers
• Controls how prices and money farmers receive

6
Subsidies

• Money given directly or indirectly to farmers to
  help offset low prices
• Very controversial
• Helps keep supply high

7
New Farm Bill

• Expected in 2007
• Many changes need to be made to help fix the
  problems agricultural currently faces
• Major changes need to made to how farmers are
  paid

8
Price Supports

• Some farmers dont want price supports
• Hurts alfalfa farmers and favors corn producers
• Changes need to be made to current ag policy
• Help will come from technology

9
Past Agricultural Legislation

• By Ashley Meyer

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Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

• Was signed into law on May 12, 1933
• The law introduced price support programs,
  including production adjustments, and
  incorporated the Commodity Credit Corporation
  under the laws of the State of Delaware on
  October 17, 1933
• Price support payments were financed mostly by
  processing taxes on the specific commodity.
• Commodity loan programs carried out by the CCC
  for 1933 included programs for cotton, corn,
  turpentine, rosin, tobacco, peanuts, dates, figs,
  and prunes.

11
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938

• Was signed into law on February 16, 1938
• The law was the first to make price supports
  mandatory for corn, cotton, and wheat to help
  maintain a sufficient supply in low production
  periods along with marketing quotas to keep
  supply in line with market demand.
• Established supports for butter, dates, figs,
  hops, turpentine, rosin, pecans, prunes raisins,
  barley, rye, grain sorghum, wool, winter crop
  seeds, mohair, peanuts, and tobacco for the 1938-
  1940 time period.

12
Food and Agricultural Act of 1965

• Was signed into law on November 30, 1970
• It was the first multiyear farm legislation,
  providing for four year commodity programs for
  wheat, feed grains, and upland cotton.
• Was extended for one more year through 1970.
• Authorized a Class I milk base plan for the 75
  federal milk marketing orders, and a long term
  diversion of cropland under a Cropland Adjustment
  Program.

13
Food and Agricultural Act of 1977

• Was signed into law on September 29, 1977
• The law increases price and income supports
  imposed payment limitations on wheat, feed
  grains, upland cotton, and rice and established
  a farmer owned reserve for grain
• Under the program, producers were given an
  acreage allotment on which a farm poundage quota
  was set.
• Producers could produce in excess of their quota,
  within their acreage allotment, but would receive
  the higher of the two price support levels only
  for the quota amount.

14
Food Security Act of 1985

• Was signed into law on December 23, 1985
• The food and agriculture legislation that
  provided a five year framework for the USDA to
  administer various agriculture and food programs.
• The Act amended permanent legislation to the
  Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and the
  Agricultural Act of 1949 for the 1986 through
  1990 crop years.
• The law allowed lower price and income supports,
  lowered dairy supports, established a dairy
  termination program, established swamp buster,
  and sodbuster provisions, and created a
  conservation reserve program targeted at erosive
  croplands

15
Food Agriculture Conservation and Trade Act of
1990

• Was signed into law on November 28, 1990
• Provided a five year framework for the USDA to
  administer various agriculture, food,
  conservation, and trade programs.
• The law amended permanent legislation and
  superseded the Food and Security Act of 1985.

16
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act or
1996

• Was signed into law on April 4, 1996
• Commonly known as the Farm Bill of 1996
• This Act amended permanent legislation through
  2002 and provided direct payments to producers of
  cotton, rice, feed grains, and wheat, that were
  independent of market prices, and expanded
  planting flexibility opportunities.
• It suspended the Farmer-Owned Reserve reduced
  the payment limitation from 50,000 to 40,000
  per person

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Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002

• Signed into law on May 13, 2002
• Commonly known as the 2002 Farm Bill
• Reauthorized programs for six years and includes
  loan rates, target prices, and direct payments
  for covered commodities.
• Provided for updating of base acres and payment
  yields created a National Dairy Program
  provided marketing loans and loan deficiency
  payment to wool, mohair, honey, and pulse crops
  reformed the peanut program provided assistance
  to apple producers and lowered the payment limit
  on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments,
  loan deficiency payments, and marketing loan
  gains.

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Rural and Urban Interface

• By Ryan Langenkamp

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What Interface?

• It is the interconnection between two entities.

What's Rural mean?

• less-populated non-urban areas

What's Urban mean?

• anything related to any city

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Urban Sprawl

• Is the spreading a of a city and its Suburbs into
  rural land.
• Is growing at a rate of 1.2 million acres a year
• Often Caused by Large Corporations
• Wal-Mart
• Home Depot
• Kroger's

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Urban Sprawl

• Small Towns
• Often the cause of longer travel time for people
  to go to work.
• Traffic delays- 72 million/year in fuel is
  wasted because of people sitting in delayed
  traffic

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1 New York County, NY 352.07 2 Kings County,
NY 263.65 3 Bronx County, NY 250.72 4 Queens
County, NY 218.90 5 San Francisco County, CA
209.27 6 Hudson County, NJ 190.06 7
Philadelphia County, Pa 187.78 8 Suffolk
County, Mass 179.37 9 Richmond County, NY
162.89 10 Baltimore City, MD 162.76 439
Stokes County, NC 71.26 440 Miami County, Kans
71.03 441 Davie County, NC 70.99 442 Isanti
County, Minn 70.12 443 Walton County, GA
69.61 444 Yadkin County, NC 69.17 445
Goochland County, VA 67.59 446 Fulton County,
Ohio 66.83 Toledo 447 Clinton County,
MI 66.63 Lansing 448 Geauga County, Ohio
63.12 Cleveland
US Counties With Highest and Lowest Sprawl Index
Values
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Land-Use Policy

• Zoning in the Suburbs
• Only allows so many house to be on so many acres
• Often a major cause of Urban Sprawl

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Large Scale Farms

• By Emily Klein

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Considered a large Scale Farm when

• 1. 700 mature dairy cattle whether milking or
  dry
• 2. 1,000 veal calves
• 3. 1,000 cattle other than mature dairy cattle
  and veal calves
• 4. 2,050 swine that is greater than 55 pounds
• 5. 10,000 swine that is less than 55 pounds

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• 6. 500 horses
• 7. 10,000 sheep or lambs
• 8. 55,000 turkeys
• 9. 30,000 82,000 laying hens or broilers
  (depending on manure system)
• 10. 125,000 chickens other than broilers
• 11. 5,000 30,000 ducks (depending on manure
  system)

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Why large scale farms?

• Larger Higher Efficiency
• Ship large amounts
• Buying in bulk
• Consistent or uniform product

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Number of Large Scale Farms

• 3 cattle
• 93 chicken
• 29 dairy
• 28 swine
• 6 pullets
• 1 feeder cattle
• 2 beef
• 1 turkey

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Opposing Concerns

• Water quality and contamination
• Odors, especially ammonia smell
• Too many large scale farms too close together
• loss of property values
• road deterioration and repairing

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Opposing Concerns Cont

• amount of flies, mice, rats, and other rodents
• air pollution and quality
• immigrant employees speaking English and knowing
  laws and regulations
• large amounts of antibiotics and vaccinations

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ODA Response to Concerns

• No authority to zone agriculture
• Encourage farmers and neighbors to work together
• Best Management Plans
• Property tax valuation is a local issue
• Local governments are responsible for road
  repairs on township and county roadways

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Major Concern
Discussion

• Too many large scale farms too close together

• Zoned agriculture any agriculture can take place
• Redefining factory farms to agribusiness

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Supporting

• Manure is good for the soil
• Encourages a healthier economy
• Creates jobs

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In Conclusion,

• Senate Bill 141
• gave the authority to the Ohio Department of
  Agriculture to set standards in all aspects of
  managing manure and farms insect and rodent
  control plans, along with other best management
  programs

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