The Internet

1
The Internet

• An Overview

2
The Internet

• Worldwide Collection of Networks
• Links Millions of
• Businesses
• Government Agencies
• Educational Institutions
• Individuals

3
Internet Services

• World Wide Web
• E-mail
• File Transfer
• Newsgroups
• Message Board
• Chat
• Instant Messaging

4
History of the Internet

• Origination
• Originated as ARPANET in Sept 1969
• Goals
• Allow Scientists in Different Places to
  Collaborate
• Function Even if Part of Network Disabled
• Renamed Internet in the Late 1980s
• World Wide Web Proposed In 1989
• Tim Berners-Lee

5
History of the Internet

• Control
• Organizations Responsible for Own Network
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
• Tim Berners-Lee, Director
• Oversees Research
• Sets Standards Guidelines

6
Internet Mechanics

• Connection Types
• Dial-up
• Broadband
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) / Cable / Fiber
• Standard Phone / TV Lines
• Fixed Wireless
• Dish Communicates with Tower via Radio Signals
• Cellular Radio
• Cell Phone Technology
• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
• Radio Signals for Wireless Computers Devices
• Satellite

7
Internet Mechanics

• Access Providers
• ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• Regional
• Provide Access to Specific Geographical Area
• National
• Provide Access in Cities Towns Nationwide
• OSP (Online Service Provider)
• Member-only Features
• e.g., Comcast
• WISP (Wireless Internet Service Provider)

8
Internet Mechanics

• Addressing
• IP (Internet Protocol) Address
• Identifies Each Device Connected to Internet
• Unique Number
• 2.7/3.7 Billion Used
• Run Out in 2012
• IPv6 3.4 x 1038 v. 232
• Domain Name
• Text Version of IP Address

9
Internet Mechanics

• Addressing
• TLD (Top Level Domain)
• Identifies Type of Organization
• ccTLD
• Two-letter Country Code Outside US
• ICANN Assigns Controls TLDs
• DNS (Domain Name System)
• DNS Server
• Translates Domain Name to IP Address

10
World Wide Web

• Web Addressing
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• Unique Address for Page Located on Server

11
World Wide Web

• Web Browser
• Program that Allows Access to Web Pages
• Netscape
• Internet Explorer
• Spent 1.25 B
• Mozilla
• Firefox
• Safari
• Chrome
• Microbrowser
• Mobile Devices

12
World Wide Web

• Site Types
• Portal
• Search, News, Weather, Reference, Shopping
• News
• Informational
• Business / Marketing
• Educational

13
World Wide Web

• Site Types
• Blog (Web Log)
• Informal Journal / Diary Posts
• Reflect Interest Opinion of Author
• Wiki
• Collaborative Site
• Users Create, Add, Modify, Delete Content
• SocNet (Social Networking)

14
World Wide Web

• Site Types
• Content Aggregator
• Gathers, Organizes, Distributes Content
• RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
• Entertainment
• Advocacy
• Application
• Personal

15
World Wide Web

• Content
• Must be Evaluated for Accuracy
• No One Oversees Web Page Content

16
World Wide Web

• Multimedia
• Graphics
• GIF, JPG, PNG
• Audio
• MP3, WAV
• Compression to 1/10 Original Size
• Streaming
• Transfers Data in Continuous Even Flow
• Podcast

17
World Wide Web

• Multimedia
• Video
• MPG, AVI, MOV, WMV
• Vodcast
• VR (Virtual Reality)
• Simulate Three-dimensional Environment
• Second Life, There

18
World Wide Web

• Plug-in
• Programs that Extend Browser Capability