Lab 10: Reproductive System

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Lab 10 Reproductive System
2
Endocrine Review

• What is the structure that transports hormones
  from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
  gland?
• What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

3
Digestive Review

• What 2 structures are linked by the esophagus?
• Name two specialized structures in the digestive
  tract that increase the surface area available
  for reabsorption.

4
Announcements

• Next week- Final Lab Practical Review
• Lab Reports Due Today
• Final Lab Practical regular lab time two weeks
  from today.

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Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

• What is sexual reproduction?
• Compared to asexual reproduction
• Advantages
• Disadvantages

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Chromosomes and n

• What is n?
• Number of copies of each chromosome
• Difference between n and chromosome number.
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Humans are 2n
• Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes

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Gametes and Zygotes

• Gametes
• 1N sex cells
• Product of meiosis
• Zygote
• 2N fusion of gametes
• Product of fertilization

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Meiosis vs Mitosis

• Meiosis
• Reduction division
• Sexual division and formation of gametes
• Mitosis
• Somatic cell division
• Chromosome n number same in starting cell and
  end products

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Sex organs and characteristics

• Primary Sex Organs
• Secondary Sex Organs
• Secondary Sex Characteristics

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Overview- Male Reproductive Anatomy

• Testis
• Epididymis
• Vas Deferens
• Prostate Gland
• Seminal Vesicle
• Bulbourethral Gland
• Penis
• Urethra
• Glans Penis

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Male Reproductive System
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Scrotum

• Testis
• Produce Sperm
• Epididymis
• Stores Sperm and allows to mature
• Vas deferens
• Connects epididymis to the seminal vessicles
• Smooth muscles transport sperm to pelvic cavity

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Semen

• Semen fluid ejaculated by the male
• Components
• Sperm 10 of semen
• Prostrate Gland 30 of semen
• Seminal vesicle 60 of semen
• Secretions from the Bulbourethral gland
• Secretes fluid that lubricates tip of penis
• Neutralizes acid pH from urine

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Penis

• Penis
• Delivers semen to the vagina
• Urethra
• Tube that delivers semen out of body
• What other system is this a part of???
• Glans penis
• Swollen head of the penis

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Erection

• Cause
• Increase Blood Flow / Vasodilation
• Activator
• Sexual simulation
• Nitric Oxide stimulates vasodilation

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Overview- Female Reproductive System

• Ovary
• Fimbriae
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina

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Female Reproductive System
Uterus
Uterine tubes
Ovary
Vagina
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Egg development and Transport

• Ovary
• Female gonads produce eggs
• Fimbriae
• Feathery projections connect ovary to the uterine
  tube
• Uterine Tube
• Delivers egg to the uterus

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Uterus

• Thick muscular chamber
• Fertilized egg will attach to wall
• Harbors embryo
• Provides nutrition to embryo
• Expels fetus
• 3 layers perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

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Birth Canal

• Cervix
• Cylindrical inferior end of Uterus
• Vagina
• Birth Canal
• Receptor for the penis

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Dynamic Human CD

• Anatomy

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Spermatogenesis

• Primordial Germ Cell
• Mitosis
• Type A and Type B spermatogonium
• Type A retained
• Type B passes over blood-testis barrier and
  becomes Primary spermatocyte

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Spermatogenesis

• Primary spermatocyte
• Meiosis I
• Secondary spermatocyte
• Meiosis II
• Spermatids
• Spermatogenesis
• Spermatozoa

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Spermatogenesis
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Oogenesis

• One cell type (Primary oocyte) 2n
• Meiosis first division
• Secondary Oocyte (1n)
• Polar body 1n (Degrades)

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Secondary Oocyte

• No fertilization
• Gets half way through meiosis 2 and dies
• Fertilization
• Meiosis second division completes
• Egg 1n (to be fertilized)
• Polar body 1n (Degrades)

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Oogenesis
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Summary of Gamete Formation

• Spermatogenesis
• 1 primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatozoa
• Oogenesis
• 1 primary oocyte produces 1 egg and two lost
  polar bodies

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Dynamic Human CD

• Spermatogenesis
• and
• Oogenesis

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Ovarian Cycle (Egg maturation)

• Follicular
• Lasts about 14 days
• First 3-5 days ? menstruation
• Developing oocytes held in follicle, polar bodies
  die
• Ovulation
• Day 14
• Oocyte released from follicle
• Luteal
• About 14 days
• Oocyte held in corpus luteum

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Ovarian Cycle
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Menstrual Cycle

• Proliferative
• Rebuilding of endometrial tissue by mitosis
• Secretory
• Thickening of endometrial tissue caused by
  secretion of nutrient-rich fluid
• Menstration
• Blood, serous fluid and tissue discharge

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Menstrual Cycle
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Breast Cancer

• Cancer of the lymphatic vessels of the breast
• Caused by
• Excess weight
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Heredity
• Treatment
• Lumpectomy
• Partial mastectomy
• Total mastectomy

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Circumcision

• Prepuce is removed from Glans penis
• Done for hygienic reasons
• Largely deemed unnecessary today
• Although???

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Sterilization

• Males
• Vasectomy
• Vas deferens severed

• Females
• Tubal ligation
• Division of uterine tubes

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Cat dissection

• Sex the cat
• Female
• Ovary
• Uterine horns
• Body of uterus

• Male
• Scrotum
• Testes
• Carefully remove the connective tissue
  surrounding the testes ?epididymis
• ? vas deferens
• - Penis

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Review

• Reproductive anatomy
• Meiosis and Gamete formation
• Identification of anatomy of cats
• Lab Practical Review Next Week during normal lab
  time.
• Final Lab Practice two weeks from today