Title: Obesity Trends Among U'S' Adults between 1985 and 2006
1Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and
2006
- Definitions
- Obesity Having a very high amount of body fat in
relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index
(BMI) of 30 or higher. - Body Mass Index (BMI) A measure of an adults
weight in relation to his or her height,
specifically the adults weight in kilograms
divided by the square of his or her height in
meters. - Adult BMI calculators are available free on the
internet.
2Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and
2006
- Source of the data
- The data shown in these maps were collected
through CDCs Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System (BRFSS). Each year, state health
departments use standard procedures to collect
data through a series of monthly telephone
interviews with U.S. adults. - Prevalence estimates generated for the maps may
vary slightly from those generated for the states
by BRFSS (http//aps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss) as
slightly different analytic methods are used.
3- In 1990, among states participating in the
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 10
states had a prevalence of obesity less than 10
and no states had prevalence equal to or greater
than 15. - By 1998, no state had prevalence less than 10,
seven states had a prevalence of obesity between
20-24, and no state had prevalence equal to or
greater than 25. - In 2006, only four states had a prevalence of
obesity less than 20. Twenty-two states had a
prevalence equal or greater than 25 Two of
these states (Mississippi and West Virginia) had
a prevalence of obesity equal to or greater than
30.
4Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990,
1998, 2006
(BMI ?30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 54
person)
1998
1990
2006
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 2529
30
5Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
6Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
7Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
8Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
9Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
10Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
11Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
12Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
13Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
14Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
15Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
16Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519
17Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
18Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
19Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
20Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 20
21Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
22Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
23Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
24Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
25Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 2529
30
26Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 2529
30
27Health Consequences
- Overweight and obese individuals are at
increased risk for many diseases and health
conditions, including the following - Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Osteoarthritis (a degeneration of cartilage and
its underlying bone within a joint) - Dyslipidemia (for example, high total cholesterol
or high levels of triglycerides) - Type 2 diabetes
- Coronary heart disease
- Stroke
- Gallbladder disease
- Sleep apnea and respiratory problems
- Some cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon)
28Economic Consequences
- Overweight and obesity and their associated
health problems have a significant economic
impact on the U.S. health care system (USDHHS,
2001). Medical costs associated with overweight
and obesity may involve direct and indirect costs
(Wolf and Colditz, 1998 Wolf, 1998). Direct
medical costs may include preventive, diagnostic,
and treatment services related to obesity.
Indirect costs relate to morbidity and mortality
costs. Morbidity costs are defined as the value
of income lost from decreased productivity,
restricted activity, absenteeism, and bed days.
Mortality costs are the value of future income
lost by premature death.
29Economic Consequences
- In 1995, the total (direct and indirect) costs
attributable to obesity amounted to an estimated
99 billion. In 2000, the total cost of obesity
was estimated to be 117 billion (61 billion
direct and 56 billion indirect). Most of the
cost associated with obesity is due to type 2
diabetes, coronary heart disease, and
hypertension.
30What are some suggestions for losing weight?
- Most experts recommend that someone attempting to
lose a large amount of weight consult with a
personal physician or health care professional
before beginning a weight-loss program. The
Surgeon Generals Healthy Weight Advice for
Consumers makes the following general
recommendations - Aim for a healthy weight. People who need to lose
weight should do so gradually, at a rate of
one-half to two pounds per week. - Be active. The safest and most effective way to
lose weight is to reduce calories and increase
physical activity. - Eat well. Select sensible portion sizes and
follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
31How can physical activity help prevent overweight
and obesity?
- Physical activity, along with a healthy diet,
plays an important role in the prevention of
overweight and obesity (USDHHS, 2001). In order
to maintain a stable weight, a person needs to
expend the same amount of calories as he or she
consumes. - Although the body burns calories for everyday
functions such as breathing, digestion, and
routine daily activities, many people consume
more calories than they need for these functions
each day. A good way to burn off extra calories
and prevent weight gain is to engage in regular
physical activity beyond routine activities.
32How can physical activity help prevent overweight
and obesity?
- The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 offers
the following example of the balance between
consuming and using calories - If you eat 100 more food calories a day than you
burn, youll gain about 1 pound in a month.
Thats about 10 pounds in a year. The bottom line
is that to lose weight, its important to reduce
calories and increase physical activity.
33For more information about losing weight, visit
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005Department
of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the
Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Aim for a Healthy WeightNational Institutes of
Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute (NHLBI) - Weight-control Information Network
PublicationsNational Institutes of Health (NIH),
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Weight-control
Information Network - The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent
and Decrease Overweight and Obesity Surgeon
Generals Healthy Weight Advice for Consumers
34Citations
- BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
http //www.cdc.gov/brfss/ - Mokdad AH, et al. The spread of the obesity
epidemic in the United States, 19911998 JAMA
1999 2821615191522. - Mokdad AH, et al. The continuing epidemics of
obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA.
2001 28610151922. - Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence of obesity,
diabetes, and obesity-related health risk
factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 2891 7679 - CDC. State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity Among
Adults United States, 2005 MMWR 2006
55(36)985988