ENGR 4862 Microprocessors

1
ENGR 4862 Microprocessors

• Instructor Dr. Lihong Zhang
• (Lecture Note Courtesy of Dr. Cheng Li)

2
Class Agenda

• Course Walkthrough
• Brief History of Computers
• How Computers Work
• Machine Assembly Languages
• Intel 80x86 Microprocessors
• Overview of Intel 80x86 Family
• Performance Metrics
• Introduction to 8086/8088 Architecture

3
Course Walkthrough (I)

• Course Contents
• 1) computer architecture, history of
  microprocessors, 8086/88 architecture
• 2) instruction execution details, instruction
  set, assembly language programming, addressing
  modes, software development
• 3) memory interfacing, use of handbooks and data
  sheets, memory decoding, I/O interfacing,
  peripheral chips (8255, 8254, 8251, etc.), A/D
  and D/A converter interfacing, parallel and
  serial communications, system design

4
Course Walkthrough (II)

• Evaluation
• Assignments (5) 5
• Laboratories (8) 16
• Midterm Tests (2) 24
• Final exam 55

5
Course Walkthrough (III)
6
Course Walkthrough (IV)

• Labs Tuesday and Wednesday 1400 1700 in
  EN3065
• You will work in groups of two (or three). There
  are totally 8 labs. Everyone in the class must
  complete ALL of the labs
• There are totally 9 lab sessions. Preparation is
  essential. TAs will mark the pre-labs at the
  beginning of the lab session. At the end of each
  lab, each group should submit one lab report
• Based on the MUN-88 single board computer. At the
  beginning of the semester, each group may sign
  out one copy of the MUN-88 manual from the lab.
  This manual must be returned before the final exam

7
A Brief History of Computers

• Abacus is the first computer for performing
  arithmetic processes
• Charles Babbage originated the concept of a
  programmable computer by inventing the first
  mechanical computer in the 19th century
• Electrical-based digital computers

8
Computer Generations

• There are three widely recognized generations of
  electrical-based digital computers
• First
• Vacuum tubes
• Second
• Transistors
• Third
• Integrated circuits (ICs)

9
First Generation ( -1956)

• Age of vacuum tubes
• Z3 (1941), Colossus (1943), Mark I (1944/48)
• ENIAC (1945) first general-purpose computer
• EDVAC (1946/51) first stored program computer
• UNIVAC I (1951) first commercial computer
• Made-to-order instructions
• Very large, lots of power, high maintenance

10
Mark I
http//www.ibm.com/
11
Second Generation (1956-1963)

• Age of transistors
• IBM Stretch, Sperry-Rand LARC
• IBM 1401 standard business computer
• Introduction of mainframes
• Languages assembly, COBOL, Fortran
• Modern day components (printers, disk storage,
  operating systems)
• Still large machines

12
http//www.forbes.com/
IBM Stretch http//www.ibm.com/
13
Third Generation (1964-present)

• Age of Integrated Circuits
• IBM 360 Family (1964) - mainframe
• DEC PDP-8 (1965) - minicomputer
• MITS Altair 8800 (1975) microcomputer
• microcontrollers
• ICs permit a range of computer sizes
• New importance on developing software for
  general-purpose central processing units

14
http//www.forbes.com/