ANIMAL KINGDOM

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ANIMAL KINGDOM

• Float, swim, crawl, fly, swing, walk

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INVERTEBRATES
Green book pgs 767 782 Modern Bio
348-529 Subkingdom Parazoa (Porifera) Sponges
Subkingdom metazoa Phylums -Cnidaria
(Colenterata) Hydra, jellyfish,man-o-war,
coral anemone Platyhelminthes
Flatworms tapeworm, planaria, liver
fluke Nematoda Roundworms - hook worm
Mollusca - bivalves, snails, slugs
Annelida segmented worms- earthworm,
leech, sandworm Arthropoda
ticks, crabs, centipedes, millipedes, insects
Echinodermata sea lily, starfish,
brittle star Chordata - Hollow nerve
cord, Notochord, throat slits Subphylum
Urochordata Tunicates Subphylum
Cephalochordata Lancelets
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VERTEBRATES
Subphylum Vertebrata- Have a backbone -
Vertebrata Class Cephalopsidomorphi
Jawless-lampreys Class Myxini Jawless
-hagfish Class Chondrichthyes Cartilagenous
fish- Shark Class Osteichthyes Bony fish
trout, tuna Class Amphibia
salamander, frog, toad Class Reptilia
snakes, crocodile, turtle Class Aves
birds Class Mammalia dog, horse, man
Order Monotremata egg laying mammals
duck- billed platypus Order
Marsupalia pouched mammals - kangaroo
Placental mammals Nourish young
inside until birth man Order
Primates lemur, chimp, human
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FORM AND FUNCTION

• SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
• Skeletal structure can be
• Hydrostatic Water filled cavities that muscles
  push against Sea anemone
• Exoskeleton Thin, flexible external skeleton
  muscles attached to the inside arthropods
• Endoskeleton Skeleton inside the body. Sponges,
  Echinoderms, Vertebrates.

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• FOOD AND NUTRIENTS
• Feeding and Digestion can be
• Intracellular Food filtered from the water and
  digested inside the cell sponges and simple
  multicellular animals
• Gastrovascular cavity Food taken into a
  digestive sac with only one opening cnidarians
  and flatworms
• Extracellular digestion Occurs within a
  digestive cavity with two openings. Products are
  absorbed into the blood stream. Annelids,
  molluscs, arthropods, chordates, vertebrates.

                                                
                                   
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• INTERNAL TRANSPORT
• Blood Circulation can be
• Open Circulatory System Blood from the heart is
  not entirely contained in vessels but flows
  directly through the tissues and collects in a
  sinus (cavity) which is around the heart. Insect
• Closed Circulatory System Blood from the heart
  moves around the body in vessels. Oxygen, carbon
  dioxide etc. diffuse through the vessel walls.
  Human

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• RESPIRATION CAN BE
• Gases can be exchanged
• Through body surfaces Found in small
  soft-bodied animals. Sponge
• When large enough to have Circulatory System must
  also have 1) Large area for gas exchange and 2)
  a way to keep exchange surfaces wet. Do this
  with
• Gills feathery tissues covered with blood
  vessels- molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, fish
• Book Lungs- Sheet-like tissue layers with blood
  vessels spiders
• Trachea air-filled tubes bringing air to each
  cell - insects
• Lungs air sacs with moist surfaces for gas
  exchange. Humans

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• EXCRETION
• Toxic wastes can be eliminated by
• Diffusion through body surfaces- ammonia is
  eliminated by diffusion cnidarians
• Flame cells wastes are collected by flame cells
  and are transferred to openings on the animals
  surface. flatworms
• Nephridia evolved structures that remove wastes
  and return water to body of organism. Urine is
  secreted annelids, molluscs, invertebrate
  chordates
• On land must conserve water so change ammonia
  into uric acid or urea (less toxic)
• Malphigian tublules Uric acid precipitates
  into a paste, conserving water insects,
  spiders, scorpions
• Kidneys convert ammonia to urea and mix with
  water-humans

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• RESPONSE
• Nerves can be
• Net-like nerve cell arrangement which covers the
  body Hydra
• Centralization Nerve cells form nerve chords or
  rings which are more efficient
• Cephalization Nerve tissue concentrates
  (ganglia) in the head region to gather
  information as animal moves forward flatworms,
  insects
• Brain development and corresponding sensory input
  structures like eyes develop insects - humans

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• REPRODUCTION
• Reproductive methods in animals include
• Asexual methods of reproduction
• regeneration re-growth of body parts
• budding parent forms bud which breaks off
• Sexual methods of reproduction
• hermaphrodites both sexes in same organism.
  Seldom self-fertilize.
• external fertilization eggs and sperm meet
  outside the body.
• Internal fertilization eggs and sperm meet
  inside the body of the egg producing individual.