GOAL SEVEN 7.03

1
GOAL SEVEN7.03

• The Progressive Movement in the United States
• (1890-1914)
• The learner will analyze the economic, political,
  and social reforms of the Progressive Period.
• Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on
  different regions and segments of the United
  States society.

2
Plessey v Ferguson- (1896)

• decision of the U.S. Supreme Court concerning
  racial segregation. The Court upheld Louisiana's
  power to segregate railroad cars, holding that
  the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
  guaranteed political but not social equality. The
  decision and its recognition of "separate but
  equal" facilities as constitutional led to
  widespread segregation laws in the South, which
  persisted for over fifty years until overturned
  by the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  decision in 1954.

3
W.E.B. Dubois-(1868-1963)

• black historian and civil rights activist. Du
  Bois helped found the Niagara civil rights
  movement (1905) and the National Association for
  the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP 1909)
  and was awarded the 1920 Spingarn Medal for his
  efforts on behalf of independence for African
  colonies. He edited The Crisis for the NAACP for
  many years.

4
W.E.B. Dubois-(1868-1963)

• Du Bois was the first black to earn a Ph.D. from
  Harvard University and also studied abroad. In
  his classic work, Souls of Black Folk (1903), Du
  Bois argued that to achieve racial equality
  college-educated blacks must speak out and fight
  for equal rights. His vigorous debates with
  Booker T. Washington about the best ways for
  African-Americans to pursue equality attracted
  national attention from African-Americans and
  whites alike. Du Bois became increasingly unhappy
  over racism in the United States, joined the
  Communist party, and moved to Ghana in 1961.

5
Ida Wells Barnett

• Journalist, civil rights activist, anti-lynching
  crusader, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (1862-1931) was
  a cofounder of the NAACP and active in women's
  issues.

6
Great Migration

• During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north,
  where there were more jobs and less racism. The
  increased number of Blacks led to a White
  backlash and conditions like Southern racism.

7
Niagara Movement- (1905-10)

• organization of black intellectuals led by W.E.B.
  Du Bois and calling for full political, civil,
  and social rights for black Americans. This
  stance stood in notable contrast to the
  accommodation philosophy proposed by Booker T.
  Washington in the Atlanta Compromise of 1895. The
  Niagara Movement was the forerunner of the
  National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People (NAACP). In the summer of 1905, 29
  prominent blacks, including Du Bois, met secretly
  at Niagara Falls, Ont., and drew up a manifesto
  calling for full civil liberties, abolition of
  racial discrimination, and recognition of human
  brotherhood. Subsequent annual meetings were held
  in such symbolic locations as Harpers Ferry,
  W.Va., and Boston's Faneuil Hall.

8
Atlanta Compromise Speech (September 18, 1885)

• statement of the views on race relations of black
  educator Booker T. Washington in a speech at the
  Cotton State Exposition. Washington proposed that
  blacks and whites both honor the
  separate-but-equal principle, urging that "in all
  things that are purely social, we can be as
  separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in
  all things essential to mutual progress." This
  accommodationist policy almost endorsed
  segregation.

9
Atlanta Compromise Speech (September 18, 1885)

• It was his view that vocational education would
  give blacks the opportunity for economic security
  and that that was more valuable than social or
  political advantage. Although white leaders in
  both the North and the South responded favorably
  to Washington's policy, it disturbed black
  intellectuals such as W. E. B. Du Bois, who
  believed that blacks should actively pursue civil
  rights and integration.

10
The NAACP- (1909-10)

• organization established to oppose racial
  inequality, segregation, and discrimination
  against blacks and other minority groups.
  Originating in New York City with the purpose of
  gaining political, economic, social, and civil
  equality for all Americans, the NAACP broadened
  its focus to the entire world during the 1970s.
  Under the leadership of James Weldon Johnson, the
  NAACP became a significant force in the civil
  rights movement. The NAACP Legal Defense Fund,
  led by Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood
  Marshall, won many legal victories in the courts,
  including the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown
  v. Board of Education of Topeka, which ordered
  the desegregation of public schools.

11
Nationwide Lynching

• A movement across the nation where several
  African Americans were lynched.

12
Disenfranchisement

• the loss of an individuals right to vote

13
Literacy Test

• Voters had to prove basic literacy to be entitled
  to vote. Because of poor schools, Blacks were
  often prevented from voting.

14
Poll Taxes

• Taxes enforced to keep African Americans from
  voting in elections.

15
Grandfather Clause

• Said that a person could vote only if their
  grandfather had been registered to vote, which
  disqualified Blacks whose grandparents had been
  slaves.