Fundamentals of Biochemistry I

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Fundamentals of Biochemistry I

• BIOL 100
• 24 September 2009

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Hydrogen Bond

• Weak attraction of a partial negative in one
  molecule to a partial positive in another

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Fig 2.8 p. 29
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Fig 2.12 p. 33
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Fig 2.14 p. 34

• Dissolving an ionic bond in H2O
• Ionic charges attracted to partial charges of H2O

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The Three Types of Bonds in Biology

• Covalent bonds
• Prevalent bond type in complex organic molecules
• Ionic bonds
• Often dissolved in cellular fluids
• Important to nerve and muscle cell function
• Hydrogen bonds
• Important in water, proteins, DNA, and RNA

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Fig 3.3 p. 44

• Organic containing C-C bonds and C-H bonds
• Organic compounds are high in energy

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Four Major Categories of Organic Molecules

• 1) Carbohydrates
• 2) Lipids
• 3) Proteins
• 4) Nucleic Acids

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Monomer vs. Polymer

• Monomer single building block
• Polymer several monomers covalently bonded
  together

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Fig 3.7 p. 47

• Dehydration joins two monomers to form a
  polymer
• H2O formed as by-product
• Hydrolysis splits polymer into monomers
• H2O split

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Fig 3.6 p. 47

• Polymerization and digestion

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Fig 3.4 p. 44

• 1) Carbohydrates
• Monomer Simple sugars (CHO in 121 ratio)
• Ex Glucose (C6H12O6)
• Function energy storage

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Fig 3.11 p. 51

• Two monosaccharides combine as a disaccharide
• Ex Glucose Fructose ? Sucrose
• Sucrose is the main energy carrier in plant sap

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Fig 3.12 p. 54

• Polysaccharides1
• Starchenergy storage in plants
• Cellulosesupports cell walls of plants
• Glycogenenergy storage in animals
• Chitinsupports cell walls of fungi

1aka Complex Carbohydrates
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Fig 3.8 p. 48

• 2) Lipids
• Monomers
• Fatty acid long chain of C with H
• Saturated vs.
• Unsaturated vs.
• Polyunsaturated
• Glycerol C3H8O3

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Lipid Polymers

• Triglyceride (fats and oils) three fatty acids
  linked to C3 glycerol
• Function energy storage
• Lots of C-H energy-storing bonds
• Phospholipid two fatty acids linked to C3
  glycerol
• Third position has phophorus-containing compound
• Function main compound in cell membrane
• Polar head (outward) and nonpolar tails (inward)

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Fig 3.9 p. 50