Fundamentals of Biochemistry II

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Fundamentals of Biochemistry II

• BIOL 100
• 29 September 2009

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Fig 3.17 p. 57

• 3) Proteins
• Monomer amino acid
• Central C and
• Amino group (-NH2)
• Carboxyl group
• (-COOH)
• -H
• Variable side chain

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Table 3.5 p. 58
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Amino Acid Sequence ? Protein Shape

• Side groups can attract or repel one another
• Some ionically charged (opposites attract)
• Some polar (partial opposites attract)
• Some nonpolar (congregatelike oil in water)
• Sequence ? Shape ? Function
• (Sequence is genetically encoded in DNA)

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Fig 3.18 p. 59
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Protein Functions

• Structural (muscle cells, cell skeletons, etc.)
• Cell membrane transport portals
• Some hormones
• ENZYMES!!!
• Reaction catalysts specific to metabolic
  reactions
• Allow reaction to proceed on much less energy
  than would be needed without the enzyme

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The Three Submonomers of a Nucleic Acid

• Monomer Nucleotide
• Each nucleotide has
• a C5 sugar
• a phosphate group (PO4)
• a nitrogenous base

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Table 3.3 p. 53

• The C5 sugars of nucleic acid monomers
• Ribose is in RNA
• Deoxyribose is in DNA

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Fig 3.13 p. 55
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Fig 3.15 p. 56

• RNA is single-stranded nucleotides
• Function genetic information in use

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Fig 3.16 p. 56

• DNA is double-stranded nucleotides
• Function genetic information in storage
• The Central Dogma of Biology
• DNA ? RNA ? Protein

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Fig 3.14 p. 55

• Another function of ribonucleotides
• ATPthe energy molecule