Goal Setting

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Goal Setting
Goal setting is often used to increase a
performers motivation and confidence. Goal
setting can alleviate anxiety about difficult
sporting situations and improve performance.
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Lock and Latham (1985) suggested four ways in
which goal setting can affect performance. 1. Dir
ect attention 2. Regulating effort put into
task 3. Ensuring effort is sustained 4. Motivating
performers to develop a variety of strategies
to achieve their goals.
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SMARTER Goal setting
Specific - goals must be clear and
specific Measurable - goals must be assessed and
therefore must be measurable. It can be
motivating to know how well you are doing. Agreed
- goals must be shared and agreed to provide a
common purpose. Time - goals should be divided
into short to long term goals. This allows them
to be specific and measurable.
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Exciting - goals must be stimulating so that the
performer is motivated to continue. Recorded -
goals need to be monitored by recording results.
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Types of goals
Outcome goals - related to the end result or
outcome Performance goals - performances are
judged against other performances. These can be
related to specific behaviours and may affect
outcome goals. Process-oriented goals - focus on
technique and tactics.
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Goal difficulty
Setting difficult goals leads to better
performance than setting medium or easy goals.
Some evidence suggests that goals that are just
out of reach produce a better performance. If
the task is complex with many perceptual
requirements, goal setting becomes less effective
in the short term, but these strategies could be
useful in the long term. Goals should be
challenging and achievable !
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Goal Specificity
Clearly defined goals usually provide better
performance. Specific targets should be produced
for all activities.
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Other Factors
Long and short term goals- Long term goals are
achieved through the completion of and success of
short term goals and is therefore a progressive
process. Short term goals provide the opportunity
for success. Evaluation - Goals need to be
measurable and the information provided should
allow further advanced goals to be set. Sharing -
Agreed and shared goals are far more effective
than externally set goals.
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Homework !!
Revision
Good Luck !!