Cloning

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Cloning
ODD NUMBER GROUP
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Nuclear transfer

• An unfertilized egg was collected from A.
• The nucleus of the egg was removed.
• The mammary gland call of B is collected.
• Transfer the mammary gland cell of B to the egg
  of A in the above.
• One haploid cell is formed (embryo).
• The 2n cell is develop in the culture.
• After 6 days, it becomes embryo.
• The embryo is implanted into the uterus of the
  other individual.PS!! Three individuals
  mentioned must be the same species.

3
Only the nucleus (Mammary gland)
A
2N cell
developed
Without nucleus(Egg cell)
B
implantation
Large amount(Embryo)
C
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Artificial Embryo splitting
We can splitting the embryo to produce one more
offspring from one fertile zygote. The process
just like that of the twins.However , this
process is controlled by human.
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Animal
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Tadpole
(1952) Many scientists questioned whether
cloning had actually occurred and unpublished
experiments by other labs were not able to
reproduce the reported results.P.S. The
technology before 1969 still cannotseparate the
allele.
7
Carps
(1963) In China, embryologist Tong Dizhoucloned
a fish.He published the findingsin a Chinese
science journal which was never translated into
English.
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Mice
(1986) A mouse was the first successfully
clonedmammal. Soviet scientists Chaylakhyan ,
Veprencev ,Sviridova , and Nikitin had the mouse
"Masha" cloned.Research was published in the
magazine"Biofizika" volume ???II, issue 5 of
1987.
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Sheep
(1996) From early embryonic cellsby Steen
Willadsen . Megan andcloned from differentiated
embryoniccells in June 1995 andDolly the sheep
from a somaticcell in 1997.
P.S. the first mammal to be cloned from an adult
somatic cell
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Rhesus Monkey
Tetra (female, January 2000) from embryo
splitting
VIDEO
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Gaur
(2001) was the first endangered species cloned.
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Cat
CopyCat "CC" (female, late 2001),Little Nicky,
2004, was the first cat cloned for commercial
reasons
CC at age 2 with her owner.
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Mule
Idaho Gem, a john mule born 4 May 2003,was the
first horse-family clone
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Horse
Prometea, a Haflinger female born28 May 2003,
was the first horse clone.
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Water Buffalo
Samrupa was the first cloned water buffalo. It
was born on February 6, 2009, at India's Karnal
National Diary Research Institute but died five
days later due to lung infection.
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Dog
Bernann McKinney from the U.S. holds one of
fivecloned pitbull pupies during her first
meeting with them at the Seoul National
University Hospital for Animals in Seoul, South
Korea, Aug. 5, 2008. 
VIDEO
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Rabbits
(2007) The female rabbit, which weighed 60 grams
at birth in February, was growing normally at an
animal centre in Shanghai
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Pig
?????????,???? Millie, Christa, Alexis, Carrel
??? (Dotcom)?
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Chicken
RCTCP announced the production of
transgeniccloned chickens with the Green
Fluorescent Protein on July 12, 2004. These
cloned chickens were produced for the first time
in the world.
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???
2003 USA ?????????(white-tailed buck)
?????,???????(fibroblast cells),?????????(liquid
nitrogen)???,????????(ovary)??????(oocytes),??????
(nuclear transfer)???,?????????????,????,???????(
embryo)????(surrogate mother)???
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?(??)
2001?9? ???????, ????6?
22
??????
???????????????(??)???????,?????????2000????????

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Plant
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Principle

• Get the somatic cells from a plant
• Place the cell into a medium with enough
  nutrients forthe growth ( e.g. oxygen)
• The cell will develop into a embryo
• Transfer the embryo to a solid medium for the
  furtherdevelopment
• A cloned plant is produced

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Example

• Cauliflower Cloning
• Banana Cloning
• Carrot Cloning