Climate Change:

1
Climate Change A Northwest Perspective
Peggy
Duxbury Seattle City Light February 20, 2008
2
Climate Change A Northwest perspective

• Most hydro-dependent region most affected by
  climate change impacts
• Allocation Matters!
• NW Leadership on conservation and renewables
  should be recognized
• NW utilities spend billions on salmon recovery,
  habitat protection, FERC relicensing to keep
  hydro operating

3
Seattle Times, Nov 1, 2006
4
Power plant CO2 emissions
Power plants in the Northwest generate 1 of
national power plant CO2 emissions
U.S. Power Plants The size of each
circle represents the quantity of emissions in
2002 24 million tons
15 million tons
4.0 million tons
And 4 of national power output
Primary Fuel Type Coal Black Oil or Diesel
Blue Natural Gas Red
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LOWEST EMISSION RATES IN US (lbs of CO2 per mwh
of electricity produced)
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Northwest Efficiency Achievements1978 2005
Since 1978 Utility BPA Programs, Energy Codes
Federal Efficiency Standards Have Produced Over
3100 aMW of Savings.

SOURCE NW Power and Conservation Council, 2007
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Allocation Comparison Output vs. Emission
Source EIA 2004 2005
Difference between emission and
performance/output approach _at_ 5/ton 479
million _at_ 7/ton 671 million _at_ 10/ton
959 million
Avoided Emissions from NW conservation (compared
to coal)
CO2 allowance allocation based on total
electricity output, including fossil, renewable,
and incremental nuclear output (relative to
1990).
8
Many still do little / no conservation

• In most of the11 state where AEP operates, its
  under no obligation to hold down demand. On the
  contrary, it makes more money the more
  electricity people use.
• Source Inside the Messy Reality of Cutting
  Power Plants CO2 Output Wall Street Journal,
  Thursday, July 12, 2007

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Comparison of Emission-Based Allocation To Top
Ten Emitting Utilities v NW States
CO2 levels had 3,100 MW of conservation been
coal-fired generation
Tons
Utility allowance allocation based on 2004 data
reported in Ceres, Natural Resource Defense
Council, and Public Service Enterprise Group,
Benchmarking Air Emissions of the 100 Largest
Electric Power Producers in the United States
2004, (April 2006). State allowance allocation
based on 2004 and 2005 EIA data.
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Emission-Based Give Many Allowances to Few
Source
Benchmarking Air Emissions of the 100 Largest
Electric Generation Owners -2004
Tons
CO2 allowance allocation based on total
electricity output, including fossil, renewable,
and incremental nuclear output (relative to
1990).
11
Energy Efficiency Scorecard Highest ranking
states VT, CT, CA, MA, OR, WA, NY, NJ, RI
6
50
21
9
5
25
48
12
33
49
13
35
27
18
26
41
Maine 15 New Hampshire
18 Vermont 1 Massachusetts
4 Rhode Island 9 Connecticut 1 New
York 7 Pennsylvania 14 New
Jersey 8 Delaware
30 Maryland 20 Dist. Columbia 22
27
35
15
38
1
46
35
34
30
43
44
30
45
24
23
38
46
49
40
11
41
15
29
Lowest ranking states (number higher due to
ties) ND, WY, MS, SD, AL, MO, AR, OK, TN, AK,
IN, LA, GA, VA, KY, WV, NE
Source The State Energy Efficiency Scorecard for
2006, ACEEE, June, 2007
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Regional and State Climate Initiatives
Western Regional Climate Action Initiative
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
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Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode
Island Connecticut New York Pennsylvania New
Jersey Delaware Maryland District of Columbia
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AB 32
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California motor vehicle CO2 emissions standards
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RPS requirement or goal
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Florida GHG target
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CONCLUSION

• Hydro most impacted power system from climate
  change
• Allocation matters!
• Emission-based allocation
• Disadvantages the NW
• Rewards behavior we should discourage
• NW leadership should be recognized