Climate Change and Gender Saadullah Ayaz

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Climate Change and Gender- Experiences of IUCN
Saadullah Ayaz IUCN Pakistan
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources, Pakistan
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• ABOUT IUCN
• IUCN- International Union for Conservation of
  Nature and Natural Resources is the worlds
  oldest and largest global environmental network
• A democratic membership union with more than
  1,000 government and NGO member organizations,
  and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more
  than 160 countries worldwide
• IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to
  our most pressing environment and development
  challenges.
• Supports scientific research, manages field
  projects all over the world and brings
  governments, non-government organizations, United
  Nations agencies, companies and local communities
  together to develop and implement policy, laws
  and best practice
• Status of an Observer in UN General Assembly

IUCNs Headquarters Gland, Switzerland
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WHAT DOES IUCN DO?

• Knowledge IUCN develops and supports cutting
  edge conservation science, particularly in
  species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the
  impact these have on human livelihoods
• Action IUCN runs thousands of field projects
  around the world to better manage natural
  environments
• Influence IUCN supports governments, NGOs,
  international conventions, UN organizations,
  companies and communities to develop laws,
  policy and best-practice
• Empowerment IUCN helps implement laws, policy
  and best-practice by mobilizing
  organizations, providing resources, training
  people and monitoring results

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IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION
Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland
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THE DRIVING FORCE

• IUCNs VISION

• A just world that values and conserves nature

• IUCNs Mission

• Influence, encourage and assist societies to
  conserve the integrity and diversity of nature
  and ensure any use of natural resources is
  equitable and ecologically sustainable

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OUR STRUCTURE
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IUCNs VALUE PROPOSITION
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CORE PROGRAMME AREAS
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IUCN IN PAKISTAN

• A long term commitment since 1985
• Several offices, around 112 staff
• largest Country Programme of the Union in the
  World

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MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN 29
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OFFICES AND WORK
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IUCN IN PAKISTAN

• IUCN Pakistan is seen as an effective agent for
• Mainstreaming environment into policy-making,
  periodic reviews
• Building partnerships and encouraging dialogue
  with stakeholder
• Encouraging donor agencies to provide flexible
  but focused grants for the development of the
  environment sector in Pakistan
• Encouraging and supporting environmental impact
  assessments of all new development projects and
  policies
• Awareness and advocacy
• Enhancing capacity of its member organizations
  and government institutions in sustainable
  development
• Demonstrating/piloting in remote areas to provide
  replicable models for communities and member
  organizations

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• CLIMATE CHANGE AND GENDER

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GENDER BALANCED APPROACH

• ..Should not simply be about women.
• Men and boys are also vulnerable to the
• impacts of climate change, but often in
• different ways, and these need to be
• identified and communicated
• Furthermore, women and girls are involved in
• relationships with men and boys and it is at
• the level of these gender relations and the
• social expectations influencing them that
• research needs to be conducted and change
• needs to happen. (Bridge, 2008)

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WOMEN AT RISK

• Climate change is not gender neutral
• Climate change impacts will be differently
  distributed among different regions, generations,
  age classes, income groups, occupations and
  genders
• The poor (of which 70 are women) will be
  disproportionately affected. Women are also
  powerful agents of change by playing a key role
  in energy consumption, deforestation, burning of
• vegetation, population growth and economic
  growth
• Gender Concerns and Ethics
• Principle of Individual Liberty
• Utilitarian Principle
• Principle of Justice

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KEY FACTS

• Women are the main producers of the worlds
  staple crops, providing up to 90 of food for the
  rural poor and producing 6080 of the food in
  most developing countries
• Women already struggle to cope with year-to-year
  variability of maize, sorghum, millet and
  groundnut yields associated with the El Niño
  Southern Oscillation. Crop productivity in
  extreme El Niño years is expected to drop a
  further 2050 in southern
• Africa
• Women are already more vulnerable to nutritional
  problems. 50 of the women and children in
  developing countries are anaemic

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KEY FACTS (contd.)

• Climate variability plays an important role in
  initiating malaria epidemics in the East African
  highlands and accounts for 70 of variation of
  recent cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh. This
  increase has more severe impacts on women who
  often have less access to medical services than
  men. Womens workloads also increase as they
  spend time caring for the sick
• There is decisive evidence that gender
  differences in deaths from natural disasters are
  directly linked to womens economic and social
  rights. In societies that are more inequitable,
  men are likely to receive preferential treatment
  in rescue efforts and women are likely to suffer
  more from shortages of food andother resources in
  the aftermath of disasters

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KEY FACTS (contd.)

• Many key decision-making institutions related to
  climate
• change have a male-dominated hierarchical
  structure
• Womens empowerment is now being linked to
  climate change
• solutions

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IMPACTS ON WOMEN
Adopted from WEDO (2008)
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GLOBAL CONCERNS

• Every major global agreement now includes a
  gender component
• United Nations Charter (1945)
• Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948)
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
  Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979)
• Convention on Biodiversity (1992)
• Chapter 24 of Agenda 21 (UNCED 1992)
• World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
• International Conference on Population and
  Development (1994)
• Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)
• World Summit for Social Development (1995)

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• GENDER AT IUCN

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IUCNs DEFINITION OF GENDER

• IUCN understands that gender refers to the
  attributes and opportunities associated with
  being male and female and the socio-cultural
  relationships
• In most societies there are differences and
  inequalities between women and men in activities
  undertaken, access to and control over resources
  as well as decision making opportunities
• Gender is part of the broader socio-cultural
  context which also takes into consideration
  factors such as class, race, economic status,
  ethnic group and age
• IUCN understands that adopting a gender
  perspective means focusing on both women and men
  and their relationships with each other and
  natural resources
• IUCN further understands that mainstreaming
  gender means creating an enabling working
  environment that in turn attracts and helps to
  retain gender sensitive staff
• http//www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gender/

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IUCN' S GENDER POLICY STATEMENT(Adopted in April
1998)

• Submitted to the 48th meeting of the IUCN
  Council 27-29 April 1998 and was endorsed with
  subsequent modifications
• Calls for the promotion of equity and equality
  as a crucial factor for environmental
  sustainability and an integral part of all
  conservation efforts. It presents the goals of
  equity and equality in the context of IUCN's
  overall mission and provides a brief conceptual
  framework and the rationale for the consideration
  of equality issues
• Calls for an effective mainstreaming strategy to
  integrate a gender perspective in a broad
  socio-cultural context, into IUCN's Policies,
  Programmes and Projects
• cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/gender_policy.pdf

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MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN IUCNs WORK

• IUCN realizes that gender is one of the most
  important determinants of a wholesome and
  meaningful development
• IUCN realizes that fundamental objectives of any
  development programme cannot be achieved
  without taking into account the role of gender
  and harmonizing gender relations
• IUCN realizes that human development, that often
  precedes its material effects and manifestations
  is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to
  actualize in the absence of gender equity and
  justice
• A long process of recognition of issues of
  gender, beginning in 1984 culminated in a
  resolution to the 1996 World Conservation
  Congress. This resolution called for, among other
  things, IUCN to integrate gender perspectives
  across the IUCN Programme
• IUCNs Gender Checklist and
  Guidelines (2006)
• http//www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/office
  s/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/publications/pubs
• 2006/pubs_gender_checklist.cfm

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SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

• Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change
• (http//generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/
  651_english.pdf )
• Goal
• Answering the urgent demand expressed by the
  Parties to UNFCCC and other stakeholders for a
  deeper understanding about the linkages between
  gender and climate change.
• Scope
• - including the latest data and information on
  the
• gender dimensions of climate change
• - offering participatory training methodologies
  for
• trainers to foster successful trainings
• in the topic at a national and/or regional
  levels.

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SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

• CBDs Gender Plan of Action
• http//www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-09/inform
  ation/cop-09-inf-12-rev1-en.doc
• Defines the role that the CBD Convention
  Secretariat will play in stimulating and
  facilitating efforts to overcome constraints and
  take advantage of opportunities to promote gender
  equality
• It is also a reflection of the increasing
  awareness that gender equality and womens
  empowerment are important prerequisites for
  environmental conservation and sustainable
  development

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SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

• UNEPs Gender Plan of Action
• http//www.unep.ch/roe/gender/refdocs/Final20POA
  20for20UNEP.pdf
• The Plan of Action is a set of gender-equality
  criteria, gender sensitive strategies and
  guidelines for implementation of programmes

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SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

• Gender Equality within the REDD and REDD-plus
  framework (UNFCCC)
• http//www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/document
  os/500.pdf
• Incorporation of gender considerations into the
  REDD and REDD-plus frameworks brings about
  increased efficiency and sustainability as it
  contributes to womens involvement and commitment
  who are crucial players of local forest
  management

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SUPPORT TO PARTNERS

• IUCN Factsheet Linking Gender and Biodiversity
  http//www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documento
  s/494.pdf
• IUCN Factsheet Gender and Agricultural
  Biodiversity
• http//www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/document
  os/492.pdf
• IUCN Factsheet Gender and National Biodiversity
  Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs)
• http//www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/document
  os/490.pdf
• IUCN Factsheet "Gender and Bioenergy"
• http//www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/document
  os/497.pdf
• Putting Words into Action Analysis of the
  Status of Gender Mainstreaming in the Main
  Multilateral Environmental Agreements
  http//www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documento
  s/488.pdf

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RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN

• IUCN Pakistan recognises gender equity as an
  integral element for conservation and sustainable
  development and is committed to ensuring that
  gender is an inherent factor in all its
  programmes and projects
• Gender integration and sensitisation are
  important factors in its mandate
• IUCNs Human Resource Manual contains a specific
  Gender Policy (Annexe 1), that aims at achieving
  a gender balance in staff
• The global IUCN Gender Policy adopted in 1998
  has also been adopted in both Pakistan and the
  region (Annexe 2). The Policy statement calls
  for
• the promotion of equity and equality as a
  crucial factor for environmental sustainability
  and an integral part of all conservation efforts.
  It presents the goals of equity and equality in
  the context of IUCN's overall mission and
  provides a brief conceptual framework and the
  rationale for the consideration of equality
  issues in environmental work
• Prepared Gender Checklist and Guidelines (IUCN,
  2004)

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RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)

• Environmental Rehabilitation in NWFP and Punjab
  (ERNP 1997-2003)
• - Gender an integrated component
• - Equal opportunities for managerial and
  technical skill building
• - Equal opportunities for natural resource
  management
• Mountain Areas Conservation Programme (MACP
  1999-2006)
• - Mainstreaming in programme activities
• - Equal opportunities for managerial and
  technical skill building
• - Enhanced role in local governance

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RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)

• Programme Support Northern Pakistan (PSNP)
• - Development of gender checklists and guidelines
• - Gender sensitive monitoring with relevant
  indicators
• - Gender sensitization of staff and partners
• - Gender budgeting
• - Special focus on women in model projects
• - Specific programmes with women groups
• Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR 2006-2010)
• Gender considerations mainstreamed in project
  rationaleg
• Gender-related aspects (environmental
  investments), considered in all policy/advocacy
  activities

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RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)

• Balochistan Partnerships for Sustainable
  Development (BPSD 2007-2013)
• - Gender equity as a key component, take
  affirmative action to involve
• women in programme activities
• - Measures to address existing gender disparities
• - Integrated into District Development Visions
  (Lasbela, Pishin, Mastung and Quetta)

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RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)
Findings of Study on Climate Change in District
Quetta, Balochistan- Implications and
Recommendations (Under publication, 2011)
Women make up a large number of the poor in
communities in Quetta are disproportionately
vulnerable to and affected Poor women are more
vulnerable because of socially constructed gender
roles and behaviors In Quetta, womens
informal rights to resources could decrease or
disappear as access to land natural resources
dwindle due to climate change Gender
discrimination in the allocation of resources,
including those relating to nutrition and
medicines is putting females at greater risk than
male
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• Thanks

Saadullah Ayaz Coordinator Climate Change/ Clean
Air Initiative for Asian Cities IUCN
Pakistan Email saad.ayaz_at_iucn.org