Database Types

1
Database Types

• Warren Kawano
• Jason Kim
• Toshie Kuwabara
• Jessica May
• October 18, 2002

2
AGENDA

• History/Background of Databases
• Hierarchical
• Network
• Relational
• Object-Oriented
• Object-Relational

3
Introduction

• IBM started work on databases in the 1970s
• Honeywell first to create database programs
• Constantly updating
• Hierarchical, object oriented, network, and
  relational databases

4
Hierarchical Databases

• First databases developed 1960s
• Hierarchical Structure
• Genealogy, parent-child
• One-one relationship
• One-many relationship

5
http//www.wdvl.com/Authoring/DB/Intro/heirarchica
l_databases.html
6
Problems with Hierarchical Structure

• No many-many relationship
• Difficult to find information unless you know the
  whole database

7
Network database model

• Designed to solve the problem of data redundancy
  with the Hierarchical database model.
• Is a database model which organizes relationship
  of data in a net-like fashion.

8
Network database that contains information on
professors, classes, and students.
Dr.C
Dr.A
Dr.B
Professors

bus311
bus312
classes
bus310
Student A
Student B
students
Student C
Set composed of at least two record types, an
owner(parent) and a record(child).
9
Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantages
• Data is accessed very quickly.
• Users can access data starting with any table.
• It is easier to model more complex data bases.
• It is easier to develop complex queries to
  retrieve data.

• Disadvantages
• The structure of the database is not easily
  modified.
• changes to the database structure definitely
  affect application programs that access the
  database.
• The user has to understand the structure.

10
Data

• Records
• -sets of related data values
• Record types
• -sets of records of same type
• Set types
• -relationships between two record types

11
Relational Database

• Developed in the 1980s
• Most common form of database today
• Data is arranged in a table, called a relation,
  with rows and columns

12
Sample relationcolumns attributesrows tuple
13
Relational Database

• Think of it as a file cabinet
• Each drawer is a table

14
(No Transcript)
15
Relational Database (cont.d)

• A group of related tables (relations)
• Each relation is labeled (title)
• Each also has a column or columns called the
  primary key, which uniquely identifies the row in
  the table

16
Finding the Primary key
17
Object-Oriented Database

• Different from others because it stores data AND
  INSTRUCTIONS together in the database
• The combination of data and instructions is
  called an object
• Not in widespread use

18
Object-Relational Database

• Recent development but not new technology
• Combines object-oriented capabilities with
  relational databases
• Copes with all the new types of data
• Alternative to completely changing the database
  system

19
Conclusion

• Important for businesses
• Each type of database serves its own purpose
• Fine tuning leads to bigger and better things

20
Database Types

• Hierarchical
• -parent/child
• Network
• -net-like
• Relational
• -stored in relations (tables)
• Object-Oriented
• -stored as an object
• Object-Relational
• -combines object and relational

Warren Kawano Jason Kim Toshie Kuwabara Jessica
May Oct. 18, 2002